Field signs. Major (slightly larger than singi) nyrkovaya duck and the resignation of dense black color. Female dark brown, with light spots on the sides of the head. Unlike singi, the scoter white mirror on the wing and white stain from his eyes. Klyuv bright orange; authority beak with swelling. Lapy red, the females dirty-red. Well nyryaet. On the water rises seriously and reluctantly, flying low, but fast. Voice - recess grave croak, like "kraa-kraa-CRA (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. In Central Siberia breeds in the forest-tundra zone and the surrounding woodlands extreme northern boreal forest. Occasionally found in subzone bush tundra: Meeting II Chupina (1987) in the tract Ary-Mas (East Taimyr, 72 ° 30 'c.sh.), on lakes in the dry tundra and river flood plain. New, and at the mouth of Yenisei under 70 ° N, which was very rare (Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981). Gnezdovanie not proved, but Ary-Mase possible. In typical forest in the upper Turuhana, at Yenisey, South-West Taimyr and downstream Hatangi (Rogacheva et al, 1987; Rogacheva et al, 1983; Krechmar, 1966; Volkov, 1987). Most of its extreme northern taiga: here it is common everywhere, and Observations OA Chernikov, in extreme northern taiga oz.Essey among the most numerous among ducks. At the Yenisey found in the nesting to the south to 66 ° N (Turuhana mouth, and the extreme limit of a typical northern boreal forest) (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). It is typical of Norilsk. Here it is slightly inferior to the number of singe, but still on the lakes of Norilsk woodlands scoter - one of the most common nesting ducks (Krechmar, 1966). South, near Lake Hantayskogo, scoter almost as common as singa, and very typical for small severotaezhnyh Lakes. Two of these species form the basis of duck populations lake landscape srednesibirskih woodlands (Syroechkovsky, 1961). Penetrates to the east, presumably to the upper Vilyuya; in the middle Vilyuya inhabits only a hawk-nosed scoter (Vorobiev, 1963). Where is the boundary range of Evenkia - it is not clear whether this species is found at nesting together with the hawk-nosed turpanom, also tried hard. On the left bank of Yenisei is an indication of the nesting ordinary scoter on the lake. Dividing in the upper river. Kas (Moskvitin et al, 1977) and in the pool Chulyma (Ioganzen, 1923). It may be that these points reflect the pockets of nesting outside the main grounds (Rogacheva, 1988). At Syme is fairly rare, probably nesting birds upper parts of the river and lake watershed areas. Density scoter in the middle of the river was 0,23 ± 0,04 individuals / km 2, staynost - 3.5 beings. According to the survey during the summer scoter regularly seen on the forest vnepoymennyh lakes (Savchenko et al, 2001). South, in the Ob, Yenisei channel (Casa watershed and Keti), was found on the nesting (Moskvitin et al, 1977).
Phenology. Scoter priletayut late spring. In the area of Norilsk and Hantayskogo Lake early birds appear at the beginning of June, a massive arrival falls on June 8-16. Flying scoter from the west. Fly gradual, without a massive bird, in late September - early October (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). In the pool Syma scoter arrives late, completing the migration of waterfowl. In the spring passage in 1997 these ducks observed from 3 to 15 June, several more were from 5 to 12 June (Savchenko et al, 2001). At the close timing of these dates Nyrkov observed on the river. Yenisey from Fomki (June 17) and around Ust-Pita (June 16) (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). Reproduction. Kladka begins with the numbers twenties June. Duck postpones 6-10 large cream-white eggs. Jacks - on dry ground in the thickets of grass, among kochek. First tray lining cloth, and then down. Vyvodki kept in small lakes and quiet rivers plesah. Young raised on the wing in the second half of September (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Nutrition. Summer food is not known. We know that this zhivotnoyadnaya duck, eating shellfish larvae of insects, small fish (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). The number of scoter in the Krasnoyarsk region, according to data modeling (Martynov, 1983), less than 100 thousand birds, and can be, and markedly less than that figure (estimated prevents confusion in the polling data of three types: ordinary, and hawk-nosed turpanov and singi). Significant reduction or increase in the number of this type is not marked (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
