Касатка

Anas falcata Georgi, 1775

The kind name in other languages

Field signs. A duck of the average sizes, much more small кряквы. On a head a long crest. Insignificant feathers of a wing are extended in the form of original косиц. At a drake a large green head with "plait" and a white neck. At a female of "plait" and "косиц" is not present. It of black-brown colouring with scaly ripples on a craw. Paws and a beak at males and females almost black. A voice of the male - silent whistle with the jingling termination, like "uit-trr", at a female - very hoarse, rough кряканье (Syroechkovsky, Rogatchyov, 1980).

Distribution. The East Siberian kind. In Krasnoyarsk region there are southwest suburbs of an area касатки. The area of reproduction of this duck covers pool of the river of Angara (Buturlin, 1935; Исаков, 1952; Реймерс, 1966) to the West to settlement Motygino (Syroechkovsky, Rogatchyov, 1980; Rogatchyov, 1988). Though are known it залеты under Dudinka, on the river Small Kemchug and even to низовьев the Basin river (Syroechkovsky, Rogatchyov, 1980). Some meetings of this duck are fixed for среднетаежного Yenisei (Ioganzen, 1921; Rogatchyov, 1988). Repeatedly in the end of May and during the summer period it was registered on the river Yenisei to the north of Krasnoyarsk (at with. Юксеево, on Dodonovsky and Esaulovsky multiisland sites) (Yemelyanov, etc., 1996). However character of stay of birds is not established. The probability of nesting here separate pairs is not excluded. In the Minusinsk hollow on the river To Yenisei and around natural boundaries "Trehozerki" (Khakassia) congestions of males косатки, probably, before flying away on a moult are noted. About meetings касаток in Sayan mountains of data it is not enough. All of them mostly concern first half ХХ century (Ioganzen, 1921; Исаков, 1952). There is fragmentary modern data about finds of these birds in Tuva (Janushevich, 1952; Rams, 1991; Savchenko, etc., 1997). In the Gagulsky hollow (Western Sayan mountains) in August, 1990 касатка has been noted as usual enough bird of ozerno-marsh habitats (Baykalov, Laptenok, 1996).

Habitats. Lodges on small, mainly inundated reservoirs of a taiga zone with the developed coastal vegetation. On the river Yenisei at settlement Jukseevo it is noted on shoal a channel with a rapid current among the low islands which have grown with a dense osier-bed (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000). In the Gagulsky hollow it was observed on overgrown lakes among кочкарниковых bogs (Baykalov, Laptenok, 1996).

The phenology of flight of this kind in region is not studied. In the Ubsu-Nursky hollow (the lake to a Torah-Hol) in 1982 and 1989 it is noted in the beginning of May, in the Central Tuva (the lake of Hadyn) – in the end of April (on April, 28th, 1983) (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000). On the river Angara arrives late: so, on the river of Chadobtse касатка appears in the end of May (Rejmers, 1966).

During migrations on a moult males касатки form time concentration on some steppe lake reservoirs of the Minusinsk hollow. Around natural boundaries "Trehozerki" (Khakassia) on June, 12-15th, 1991 it is considered about 100 drakes of the given kind keeping in congestions various river and нырковых ducks by separate flight. Large enough предотлетные concentration of these ducks (to 100-150 individuals) are formed on a site Kezhemsky многоостровья on the river to Angara. Autumn flight касатки goes here in southern and southeast directions, most intensively – from September, 10 till September, 27th. Around Abansky bogs касатки actively flied to the period from September, 15 till September, 22nd, 1992 in the Autumn of 1998 in the same places касатка in accounts has not been found out. In spring flight, in second half of May, 1994, on Average Angara movings of these birds have been expressed poorly. Intensity of movings касатки has made about 0,5 individuals/ch·km. As a rule, birds were observed in flights of ducks of other kinds (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000).

Reproduction. Nests arranges on coast of reservoirs, among a high grass or bushes. A laying from 5-8 rozovato-yellow eggs (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000).

A food касатки in edge is studied poorly, probably, it same, as well as at other river ducks (Syroechkovsky, Rogatchyov, 1995).

Number. The data on number касатки in region is inconsistent enough and specification demand. In pool of Angara it one of the smallest ducks (Yemelyans, etc., 1996). It is rather usual касатка only around Kezhemsky многоостровья and on the average a current of the river of Kovy. In pools of the left inflows of Average and Bottom Angara (the river Taseeva, Usolka, Birjusa, Chuna, Moore) is rare, however regularly meets in approaching биотопах. Population density of this duck in lower reaches of the river of Kovy and on the river to Angara, more low and above the Aplinsky threshold, in May, 1994 did not exceed 0,5 (0,01-0,46) individuals on км². Around island Chelbihin and on islands more low with. Кежма in the spring of 1995 indicators of an abundance of these birds made 2,5 individuals on 10 km of a coastal line (14). In the third decade of August, 1995 these ducks rather often met in the bottom current of the river of Kovy where them it has been considered more than 50 individuals (density – 1,7 individuals on км²) (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000). Considerably above number касаток was on a site Kezhemsky многоостровья (10-25 individuals on 10 km). In lower reaches of the river of Abana and on neighbouring lakes Masleevo, Linkovo and Karasyovoe it is considered these 40 birds, and on September, 21st on озеровидных reaches observed nearby 30 косаток at a time. The share касатки from the considered birds has made 20 %, and population density in the best grounds has exceeded 20 individuals on 10 km. Single and small groups of these birds on 3-5 individuals were observed on lakes Linkovo, Masleevo, Bogojavlensky (Карасевое), Boltyr, on Abansky bogs (Yemelyanov, etc., 1996). In other places of the Kansky hollow and across Average Angara these ducks were smallest or were not marked at all (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000).

In the Gagulsky hollow in the end of August, 1990 number касатки was enough high. At survey 201 copies of the extracted ducks it has made 6,5 %. However in the same terms of 1992 presence of the given kind at extraction is noted (Baykalov, Laptenok, 1996). A.S.Martynov (1983) estimates autumn number of a kind in edge (according to modelling) in 1,3 thousand individuals. In the early nineties within Nizhne-Angarsk and Kansky groups of areas of Krasnoyarsk region lived about 2,5-3,0 thousand касаток (Syroechkovsky, etc., 2000).

The literature list.