Field signs. Very little gull, the size of a tern (weight 100-150 g). The color is similar to the lake tea. The head of black (winter whitish), the top dove, the ends of the wings are white, dark ispod wing. The rest of the white plumage. Łapy beak and red. By habit rather like terns, especially the flight - is very easy, flittering and fast. Food produces in flight from the water, sometimes catches in the air, rarely hunts "on foot". Voice of the nest - a quiet and melodichnoe "KEK-CEC-KEK or drawl "Kaa, Kaa, Kaa. "  Distribution. Low gull - a bird of temperate latitudes of Eurasia. According to available reports, in Prieniseyskoy Siberia there is a gap in the area between large and WestSiberia vostochnosibirskim sites. However zalety it has long been the province. Another PS Pallas met with a small tea on the river. Yenisey. In spring 1910, witnessed massive zalet these birds in the vicinity of Krasnoyarsk, as well as in the area Minusinska (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). Small gulls were met by the city of Krasnoyarsk, KA Yudin (1952): 30 May, 1927 with a gaggle. Berezivka on the river. Yenisey and 12 Aug., 1936 single adult birds have to. Dodonovo.
In recent decades, new data pointing to the cluster of low-gull in the Prieniseyskoy Siberia. Zalety small gulls on the south-western Taimyr described AV Krechmarom (1966). On the border with the forest zone 8 of the gulls, circling together with the gaggle of polar terns on the set in shallow water network were at Lake. Yazev from the river. Turuhana (Rogacheva et al 1987). Within eniseyskoy extreme northern taiga have to. Angutiha (66 ° 10 'N) at the end of July 1962 had produced an adult male, and 10 Aug, 1963 among the islands on the river. Yenisey met with the pack, which was 17-20 a few young and old birds. In 1977 a pair of small gulls, apparently Jacks on the lake marsh-kaltuse around with. Angutiha. Rooms up to hundreds of birds in each appeared on the river. Yenisey Aug. 11. The high number of small gulls (25 species by an average of 10 km River) was until August 20, after which the gulls have disappeared (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). At the northern limit of the middle taiga, between villages and Alinskoe Verhneimbatskoe, 18-20 July 1978 kept a great bunch of (at least 300) of adult birds. In 1977, at pp. The peace, starting in July, from time to time to appear single adult birds and groups of young animals to 5-7 (Rogacheva et al, 1978). In 1981, and since the beginning of July have seen some nomadic adult birds, and since July last decade - and young; by the end of August, almost all the birds encountered were young; last gull marked the beginning of September (men's, 1983). In southern srednetaezhnoy zone around village. Vorogovo, in early June 1977 in a small number of birds were adults, since mid-July, there were flocks of 20-50 animals. Young met only in the second half of August (possibly proletnye), and they stood in groups of 15-20 birds on the river. Yenisei and its sandy kosah. At the mouth of the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska and lower river. Yenisei in June 1977, kept a large flock of small adult gulls, feed on plants. AY Tugarinov (1924) pointed out the small gulls nesting on average over the river. Podkamenaya Tunguska. At the end of June 1986 nesting colony (about 10 pairs) was detected at the right srednetaezhnom district. Yenisei, in the Lake. Pine roots in the district. Usasa (Tsentralnosibirsky reserve). In the southern taiga eniseyskoy 31 May, 1975 flock of 20 birds flying north to meet with with. Nizhneshadrino and June 1-6, small gulls were usually on the river stretch. Yenisei in between. Fomka and Village. Yartsevo; in 1977 from May 28 to June 3 at different points met single bird, a group of 10-12 and a flock of 60 birds, all of whom flew to the north, August 1, pos.Novonazimovo have seen congestion in several hundred birds, which dominated the adults, but there were also young (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the southern region of Krasnoyarsk region (African, Nazarovskaya, Chulymo-Eniseyskaya and Minusinskaya depression), small gulls there regularly, but their nesting is not proved (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). In Khakassia, according to the SM Prokofiev (1987) , Small gulls in recent times annually nest on the lake. Sarhat. In 1986 the territory of Tuva only a small colony of small gulls, located adjacent to large settlements lake gulls, was found us on the lake. Tere-Hol (pos. Kungurtug ), Where we okoltsevali 12 chicks (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Habitats. Low gull occupies shallow steppe and forest lake with a drive vegetation in the taiga zone - floodplain and watershed lakes (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. Arrives later than other gulls: on the lake. Torah-Hol (South Tuva), the first bird observed on May 5, at the lake. Bele (Khakassia) - May 10 (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Often the nest together with the tern: in the south - with the Common Tern, in the north meets with the polar tern, although their joint nesting is not proven. Nest colony is usually located on islands or splavinah. The size of the colonies varies widely - from 3 to 300 nests (Melnikov, 1984). The nest on a log, simply on the ground, at splavine. Masonry from 3 burovato-or green-olive eggs with brown spots (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Nutrition. Feeds mainly insects and their larvae (flies, beetles, dragonflies, pryamokrylymi etc.), As well as crustaceans, mollusks, worms, sometimes shallow fish. By habit rather like terns, especially the flight - is very easy, flittering and fast . Food produces in flight from the water, sometimes catches in the air, rarely hunts "on foot" (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Number. Low gull meets regularly in various parts of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia (Savchenko, 1997; Kutyanina et al, 1997). In Lower Angarskoy group of districts in our interest from 20 July to 20 Oct., 1988 the proportion of small gulls were 9 -11% Of the total number of birds in this group. In the Krasnoyarsk forest in the valley of the river. Yenisei small gulls recorded from July 10 to 20 October: at pp. Pishanka kept 80 animals have to. Shivera - 25. In the second decade of July in the 1987-1991 biennium. Densities on the river. Yenisei at the site with. Chastoostrovskoe - Krasnoyarsk to 10 birds at 10 km route, although the proportion of small gulls of the total registered here gulls rarely exceed 2-3%. In Kanskoy basin at Noshinskom pond from 16 to 25 May, 1991 kept between 20 and 120 individuals, on a bog Potonshe May 26, was taken into account at least 300 of these birds. In Nazarovskoy Hollow (oz. White, floodplain river. Serezh) of 4156 recorded small gulls at 3.1% . On the Right of Minusinsk depression (oz. Tagarskoe, etc.) In the second decade in July 1991 indicated up to 25 small gulls at the 10 km route. In the tract "Trehozerki (Koybalskaya STEP) from 29 May to 2 Jun. , 1991 daily record of 44 to 186 small gulls (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). What caused the emergence of small gulls in different parts of Prieniseyskoy Siberia in the past decade, resettlement or just a small study territory in previous years, clearly can not be argued. However, the absolute number of meetings, of course, applies to migratory birds or kochuyuschim. In general, there is credible instances of low-nesting gulls isolated. Usually it happens only at certain periods of spring passage and poslegnezdovoy concentration of birds on the river. Yenisey and some lakes in southern region (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000) . According to DM Focal (1983), most of the small gulls are likely to enter the district. Yenisey as a result of fodder kochevok Basin Central and South Obi. This is consistent with the timing of the emergence of young birds inside Prieniseyskoy Siberia. Given that small gulls are capable of two-day fly up to 350 km, this version seems more convincing. However, in our view, should not be ruled out and through Minusinskuyu hollow migration routes of small gulls, nesting on Lake Baikal. According to the koltsevaniya, the Baikal small gulls fly off the fall in a westerly direction (Scriabin and others, 1981). Thus, the gull, nestlings Okol'covannaja in the north of Lake Baikal in 1974, was received on 15 October the same year in the city of Makhachkala (Yudin, Firsova, 1988). Perhaps this can be explained and a high number of small gulls, we have noted on such lakes as Bele and Ulug-Kol, where its share can not be less than 20% of the total number of birds in this group (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Measures of protection. Decline in the province is not observed. Like other gulls on the territory protected by hunting laws. The special measures of protection type is not developed. It is advisable to conduct further surveys to identify areas of potential nesting settlements of this kind (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
