Field signs. Top, tail and wings burovato-gray head and back long brown pestriny, low white on the chest and zobe burovaty raid and long brown pestriny, on the forehead whitish pestriny. The voice - very loud "tsit down." Song molozvuchnaya reminds pozyvku, repetition in different colors. Like other muholovki, often sitting still or vzmahivaya wings on a dry line, take-off for the way insects and returning to their original location (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. European appearance, which seeps in southwestern Siberia. Bird variety, clarified quite humid forests with thick grass cover. Solid dark taiga avoided. Normal nesting birds of all high forest groves and Minusinsk depression, mostly deciduous and svetlohvoynyh. In the West Sayan usually on the nesting zone of larch forests slope (6 individuals / km 2) and in the lowland forests of fir, larch (1 specimen / km 2); numerous small plots of pine forests on the edge of poymennogo larch, spruce forests and mountain steppes ( 20 individuals / km 2); rarely found in pine borah terraced Yenisei (Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985; Prokofiev, 1987). In the foothills of East Sayan usually pine and mixed forests of the Krasnoyarsk (Yudin, 1952), as well as in the valley Kazyra from Mts. Kryzhina (Kim, 1961). Usually, forest groves and podtayge. In the basin of the Greater Kemchuga numerous to nesting in svetlohvoyno-deciduous forests (10.6 individuals / km 2), and usually in the mosaic birch and Osinniki Kozulskoy plains (4.8 species / km 2) (Naumov, 1960). In podtayge River basin. Floodplain usually in the pine forests and marshes pine-birch forests (3-5 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). In the southern taiga is found everywhere. In Priangare for nesting found only in pine forests, which in places reaches a high number: 80-88 individuals / km 2 (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976); in the basin of the river. Chuny been numerous in the pine forests at between (13 animals / km 2), and usually on the pine forests of the River Terraces (6 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin, 1984). At the Angara Motygina have been rare (Syroechkovsky et al, 1978), Zaangare numerous, especially in the strip, transition from the southern taiga in the middle (of the village. Usovo - 45 individuals / km 2) (Gibet, Artamoshin, 1977). In eniseyskoy southern taiga, usually for a nesting place, but meets every year in hardwood and mixed forests with glades - 6 animals / km 2 in the pine forests of Kasu gnezdovoe in time - individuals 3 / km 2 (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the left-bank southern taiga in the upper river. Keti usually pine borah and shelkopryadnikah (Moskvitin et al, 1977). In the middle taiga eniseyskoy sporadichno, but regularly nest in the southern subzone, north to the village. MEPC (61 o 50 'N). There Vorogova occurs mainly in pine borah; vyvodki also noted at the mouth of Podkamennoy Tunguska. In early June 1956 and 3 and 5 August, 1986 met in the pine forest at the village. MEPC. In srednetaezhnoy Evenkia found only in the Tunguska basin Podkamennoy; nesting likely, but not proven. In 1958, May 30, male met on the fringe of pine forest at Zaimka Chamba (60 o 20 'N) July 14, an adult female was produced from the village. Tychany on the river. Chune (61 o 40 'N) (Syroechkovsky, 1959). This muholovka was also received in the basin of the river. Chuni AV Ladygin and OA Chernikovym in 1985 (Rogacheva, 1988). Habitats. Zaselyayut variety of woods, preferably white pine bory, High mixed and deciduous forests. Lyubyat margin felling, forest roads, the edge of the fields. Do not avoid forest human settlements, have settled in urban parks, squares. In the steppes nest in the woodland belt, Island and tape forests, gardens and groups of trees from the villages (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Priletaet of Krasnoyarsk early in the second decade of May, the latest masonry - June 8, blind chicks - June 20, autumn passage - 1-20 August (Yudin, 1952).  Reproduction. Nest suits in a variety of locations. But the sine qua non for the device nest should be a broad plane and a cover. Usually the nest is placed on pnyah, thick suchyah close to the trunk, a fork in the thick tree trunks, to improve vypavshih or oblomannyh branchless, in the ramshackle hollows, the straggler bark of old trees, over the windows of houses on flat eaves walls and fences or in open attics and haylofts. It is rarely puts a nest on the ground or on thin branches of a tree. In the latter case, supported by a few or a bunch of branches. The main nests are located at a height of 0.52 meters from the ground, rarely above. Jacks small bowl shape, are quite ryhlo and carelessly, and nothing attached to the footing. The material is very different, but basically consists of dry blades, thin prutikov, moss, sometimes a small amount of lichens, pieces Berest, bass, pine needles. Litter in the little box and consists of thin blades, hair, sometimes a small number of peryshek; litter often non-existent. Zataskivayut Sometimes birds in the nest threads, cotton wool, colored cloth and fragments of paper. The diameter of the nest 90-190 mm, the height of the nest 40-60 mm in diameter tray 50-60 mm in depth tray 35-50 mm (Mikheyev, 1996). In laying 4-5, rarely 6 eggs. Color they resemble eggs ryabinnika: Fon pale greenish, light greenish-gray, less often - yellow, to yaytsu or the blunt end of many spots and specks of light rzhavchatogo, red-brown or ohristo-red color. The size of eggs 16-21 x 12-15 mm. Nasizhivaet female, starting with the completion of the wall, 12-14 days. At times, she leaves the nest to feed, sometimes feeds her dog. The young top of the gray Pooh, zheltovataya skin, mouth yellow or orange-yellow, pale yellow klyuvnymi rollers. In the nest sat 12-14 days (Ryabitsev, 2001).
Nutrition. Meal - all flying insects, except for large beetles. Particularly useful to the villages where mass destroy flies and mosquitoes (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
