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Family owlish Of strigidae |
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Big-eared owl Asio of otus Of linnaeus, 1758 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. Owl of average size (weight 250-300 d) with the long (to 55 mm) ears . Facial disk is well expressed. The top is greyish- brown with the dark marble figure, bottom [rzhavchato]- yellowish with the large longitudinal speckles and the thin transverse figure. Way of life of strictly night. In the daytime it sits, after being extended and after being forced against trunk of tree. Marriage flight - zigzag, from one tree to the next; it in spring in flight sometimes loudly flaps down by wings. Voice - deaf of Hu -[khuu] or sorrowful in-in- in ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). In the period of the departure of nestlings from the nests it is easy to reveal taking out from the characteristic peep of young in the twilight hours. During the migrations and the wintering it is sometimes encountered by the small groups to 10 and more than birds. Adult birds, if them they do not disturb, never fly during the day. With the inspection by the observers of nests, on the contrary, it is very active: frequently they fly to the man, attempting to strike by his claws. In the evenings, with the offensive the darknesss in the places of mass inhabiting easily can be drawn, especially in the autumnal time, by the imitation of the peep of mouse, by rustling by grass. From the similar in value and painting of marshy owl they differ in terms of the presence of noticeable take in , and also by the separate elements of behavior (Gavrilov and others, 1993).
Places of inhabiting. The favorite places of nesting - high scaffolding of different species, but most frequently conifers, with the presence in them it is nemorose, clearings and other open places. In the depth of forest tracts it takes away unwillingly . Willingly it nests in the parks, the gardens, the forest belts of different age. In the zone of wooded plain it nests in the birch- aspen choppings, on the low places, in the valleys of creeks, and also in the clean pine cultivations. Necessary condition for nesting is the presence of the old nests of predominantly [voronovykh] birds, first of all - magpies and crows. The last year's unoccupied nests of the day predators are used: hawk, hawk -[teterevyatnika], honey buzzard and hawk. In the periods of migrations and wintering it is encountered also in the gardens, the parks of cities, the brushwood of bushes along the slopes of ravines, beams, banks of rivers (Gavrilov and other, 1993).
Multiplication. Nests make mainly in the old nests of other birds, very frequently in the magpie, sometimes in the hollows. In laying of 4-6 white eggs ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Nestlings are derived at the end May - the beginning of June and to the middle of June they begin to fly (Yudin, 1952). Nourishment. It feeds in essence by mouse-like rodents, it is rare by birds. To the taking out in the twenty-four hours it brings 10-12 mice ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980 each). Big-eared owl - sharply expressed [miofag]: on entire space of area small mouse-like rodents compose 80-99% of composition of victims. Form- dominants, as the concrete collection of victims, are different in the different places and depend on their propagation and number on the biotopes, where the owl hunts, from the weather conditions and to a lesser degree from the specialization of owl on the obtaining of the separate objects of nourishment (Anisimov, 1969).
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Propagation. Populates the scaffolding of the southern part of the edge, wooded plain, forest-meadow landscapes, it goes also in the foothill taiga. In the continuous taiga (even southern) north of Krasnoyarsk goes little, mainly along the forest-meadow landscape and the river valleys. To the north it is traced to it is Yenisey and pond hangars (r. Of [chadobets]), i.e., it does not exceed the limits of southern taiga. For the peaceful (62° 15 ' N, average taiga) is known a number of the flying iies: On June 14, 1978. it is encountered on the clearing in settlement; On September 15, 1980. it is caught for the ringing in the osier beds of the left shore of the Yenisey; at 2 P.M. on June 18, 1981. it fell into the trap on the edge of the woods in peaceful. In the wooded plain of edge and under Krasnoyarsk it is very usual, frequent in it is Minusinsk, also, in The [achinskoy] wooded plain, it goes to the foothills [Sayan] ([Mozharskaya] taiga), it is found in The [usinskaya] basin. In the preserve posts it is infrequent ([Rogacheva], 1988).
Phenology. Under Krasnoyarsk it in spring appears at the end March ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Migratory, partially settled bird; in some years separate owls winter in the Krasnoyarsk wooded plain (Yudin, 1952).![Photos: [V].[B]. Of [timoshkin]](photo/ph_aso4.jpg)
The obtaining of food occurs by different methods - depending on biotope and level of noisiness (hares, of 1973; [Voronetskiy], 1974). In the forest big-eared owls most frequently use [podkaraulivaniem] from the trees, sitting down on the branch 3-9 m of the earth; in the open country the predominant method of hunting is search flight (hares, 1973). More rarely are noted short-term [trepetanie] in air and [podkaraulivanie] from the earth. Circlings are conducted at the height of 2-4 m, thrusts after outputs - with 1,5-3 m of the earth's surface. On the windless quiet nights the owls hunt predominantly with the use of flight; under the conditions of dark cloudy nights with the falling intermittently one after another light precipitations, with the wind impulses they hunt from [prisady]. [Dobychlivost] of hunting on [zashumlennye] nights is 2-3 times worse than under the favorable conditions: to one successful thrust it can be 5-7 and even to 10 unmarried ([Voronetskiy], 1974). During the feeding the owl flies around territory of approximately 100 [km]2 ([Abelentsev], Uman', 1968).[Back] |
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