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Family [Mukholovkovye] Of muscicapidae |
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Usual nightingale Luscinia of luscinia Of linnaeus, 1758 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. The small ordered bird, olive- brown with the reddish [nadkhvostem], bottom is whitish. Very reserved. Song - characteristic, with the whistles, by clicking and [chokanem]. Nightingales imitate well to each other, and good singers, where appear among them, is improved singing remaining birds. [Pozyvka] - tender, clean whistle to [fyu] to [fyu] . The bird worried in nestlings publishes the short characteristic snore ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Propagation. Bird of the deciduous cultivations of Europe and West Siberia. In average Siberia it is for the first time noted By [a]. [Ya]. [Tugarinov] (1927) as the rare being nested bird Of [achinskoy] wooded plain and as extreme rarity (apparently, flying iies) in the Krasnoyarsk wooded plain. [P].[P]. Of [sushkin] (1938) carries out the eastern boundary of this form in [Achinska] (normal nesting) with the rare flying iies to Krasnoyarsk. So-called [Gagina] (1961) it indicates the rare flying iies of nightingale even into the pond hangars. [T].[A]. of Kim (1961) regularly met nightingales in July 1955. in the mixed and birch scaffolding in sett. small [Kemchug] (100 km eastern than [Achinska]), and also in June 1958. in the sett. Of [tugach] of Sayan region (330 km to the southeast from [Achinska]) ([Rogacheva], 1988). At the end the 70's is encountered [V].[I]. [Bezborodovym] in The [prichulymskoy] and [Achinskoy] wooded plain; in 1975. [YU].[I]. of bushes heard the song of nightingale in The [bogradskoy] wooded plain, and in 1981. [S].[M]. Prokofiev - in the floodlands r. [Chulym] ([Iyusskaya] wooded plain) (Prokofiev, 1987). Furthermore, nightingale is encountered BY [V].[I]. [Bezborodovym] in the center section of Western [Sayana] (Sayan-Shushenskoye preserve): On May 27, 1982. in the brushwood of bird-cherry on the edge of the [pripoymennogo] fir grove in the upper reaches r. large [Ury], in 10 km from the mouth r. [Otuk]- bough ([Syroechkovskiy], [Bezborodov], 1987). Places of inhabiting. Typical localities - thick and dark brushwood of bird-cherry, alder-tree and willows in the river floodlands and the valleys it is channel, that was overgrown with nettle, hop and other hygrophilous high, but not very thick grass. They settle in those neglected, that was overgrown with bushes and grass parks, gardens, on the cemeteries, in the deciduous scaffolding ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Phenology. They arrive flying in the period of the blooming of [listvy] on the trees and the bushes. Nesting begins in the steppe zone at the end of May, on the north of area - in June. Flying away goes in the second-half of July - August ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Multiplication. Nest builds female on the earth, in the sediment of forest, bushes, high grass. Usually it is well disguised. This is the sufficiently large and friable building in the form of cup, with the deep chute. Rarely, with the high protracted floods, nests on the thick bushes are built low above the earth. Material of nest - dry and [poluistlevshie] leaves, grass, the pieces of crust, vegetable fibers, rootlets, moss. Pavement from the thin blades of grass and the fibers, it is rare - small leaves of trees and bushes, frequently there is horse hair and large fur (moose, cows, roe ). In laying 4-5, are thinner frequent than 3 or 6 eggs. Their painting is very dark olive, olive- is brown or greenish- is brown, is always single-tone. The sizes of the eggs 20-25 X of 15-18 mm. hatches only female, beginning from the discarding of last or next-to-last egg, 13-14 days. Male does not feed female, it continues to sing. They bring up nestlings two together. Nestlings on top in the dark-brown to down, oral cavity is yellow or is yellowish orange, with the yellowish-white [klyuvnymi] rollers. Nestlings sit in the nest of 11-13 days, they begin to fly at the age of 18-19 days ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Nourishment. Food - diverse insects, spiders, small worms and other invertebrates, which the nightingales gather mainly on the earth among moist fallen [listvy], bushes and [vysokotravya]. Willingly eat berries ([Ryabitsev], 2001). |
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