Field signs. The size of starlings. Throughout the year unmistakably recognized by its characteristic color, and especially on the magnificent Khokhlov, but it is not visible in flight. Females are very similar to males, they are little more than dull black elements drawing on the head and weaker color contrasts color. Seasonal changes in the color does not. Young summer uniform and painted a much buree adults without a black throat spots, with a small tufted. In autumn (usually in September) are almost as young adults, and until the middle of next summer, you can determine the age of bright primary vershinkam makhovaya: adults at the end of the pen yellow-white picture V-shaped young there was only yellow, yellowish or white elongated stain on the external opahale primary makhovaya, the internal fan without white tip strips. In males (both old and young) yellow on the outside opahalah all primary makhovaya developed stronger than in females. Red leatherback ( "plastic") plaque at vershinkah secondary makhovaya have all the adult birds, but they are more advanced in males (10). Young plaque is not all, some female-pervogodki they do not have. Some older males steering rod ends are red, and even with the same red blyashkami as a wing. The nature of the flight sviristeli most similar to starlings. Weight 40-83 g, 19-23 cm in length, wing 11,1-12,5 cm, the magnitude of 30-38 see Voice - pleasant "sviristyaschie" trills "sirrrr" issued in different situations. Song per se is not expressed in marriage, the male commits a simple demonstration flights with the same trills (Ryabitsev, 2001). Among sviristeley found albino, so in April 2005 in Academgorodok town Krasnojarsk in the next few days, there was one individual in the stae with normally colored birds (AN Baykalov). Distribution. Usual, pezhe numerous species of northern and rare species average taiga Central Siberia. In the West Sayan occasionally sporadichno nest in the mountainous listvennichnikah and mixed forests in river valleys (Sushkin, 1914; Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky. 1985). Proved nesting in East Sayan, in the upper Many (Yudin, 1952). County and a town Krasnojarsk sviristeli in a mass visit in autumn and winter feed dlodami mountain ash, cherry, ranetki etc. Minusinsk Basin occur mainly in the kochevkah. In podtayge not nest (Rogacheva, 1988). In the southern taiga in Priangare (Ravkin, 1984) nesting anticipated, but not proven, with half of June sviristeli were numerous in the pine forests on the Terraces district. Chuny (36 animals / km 2), usually in secondary hvoyno-deciduous forests and swamps in the transitional (46 animals / km 2). In eniseyskoy southern taiga rare, to nest in the taiga fairly evenly, some preferring hvoyno-deciduous forests and ryamy (2 and 0.7 specimens / km 2); kochevki vyvodkov - since the end of June (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In eniseyskoy average taiga in the region of the Peace in gnezdovoe time most sviristeley in priruchevyh sphagnum fir groves and wild slash areas. In the northern taiga eniseyskoy sviristeli ordinary (in 1977 the average summer 3-8 individuals / km 2), found mainly hvoyno-leaf woodlands and wetlands (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In eniseyskoy southern forest (Ust-Hantayka, 68 ° 15 'with. Rd.) Rare, but nest on massivam redkostoynyh forests in a typical forest (Nikolskoye, 69 ° with. Rd.) Sviristeli common (8 individuals / km 2) early July; nesting is not proved (Rogacheva et al, 1983). In Putoranah very rare under Norilsk, more common in upper river. Fish, and in the river basin. Hantayki "even many" (Krechmar, 1966). In extreme northern and southern taiga forest in the upper river. Turuhan (66 ° 45's. Rd.) Probably rarely breeds (Rogacheva et al, 1987). In Evenkia sviristel common in the middle taiga in the larch forests and wild slash areas (in the basin of the river. Chuni, according to AV Ladygina in poslegpezdovoe time respectively 95 and 13 individuals / km 2). At the Lower Tunguska seen as a normal kind of wild garey and riverine forests average taiga (above the village. Tur); subzone in the northern taiga (lower river. Kochechum) sviristel common in listvennichnikah (average summer specimens 3 / km 2 in the 2-nd half of July 12 animals / km 2) (Vakhrushev, Vahrusheva, 1987). To the north of the valley of the Lower Tunguska in the mountainous severotaezhnoy Evenkia sviristel very rare, and in the forest on the eastern Taimyr, apparently, did not go (Rogacheva, 1988). Habitats. Gnezdovye habitat - a variety of coniferous and mixed forests, mostly spruce or pine, taiga type, with adolescents, but not very thick (Ryabitsev, 2001). Reproduction. Poselyayutsya separated couples. A nest constructed in May and June on trees, mostly on softwood, at varying altitudes, they found it very difficult. The nest is fairly large, flat, built of grass, moss and lichen on the basis of a small number of thin dry branches, tray lining of soft grass, hvoey cedar, is a bit of wool, plant down, feathers. Eggs light gray with blue, purple or pink tinge, with rare small dark brown or black surface and spotted specks and deep vague, violet-gray. The size of eggs 21-27 x 14-19 mm. In laying 3-7, usually 4-5 eggs. Nasizhivaet female, male, feeding her, bringing food to zobe. Running time nasizhivaniya - about 2 weeks. The young vyluplyayutsya naked, mouth pink or red, klyuvnye rollers pink or yellowish white. About chicks cared for both adult birds. The young leave the nest at the age of 15-17 days. In the summer of steam can grow two vyvodka (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Ptentsov nurse insects, which successfully catch in the air as muholovki or Porkhov over forest or over water, as swallows. Podrosshih chicks are fed and berries. Adult birds a variety of berries - the main food for most of the year, summer and eat insects, as well as buds, flowers, Earrings, kidneys. The birds are voracious, digest berries are not fully contributing to the spread of seeds (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
