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Family [Tryasoguzkovye] Of motacillidae |
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American horse Anthus of rubescens Of tunstall, 1771 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. On top very dark, reddish-brown, from below ocherous, breast in large black speckles (Bohme and others, 1998).
Usual being nested form, which everywhere populates the bald-peaked and [podgoltsovyy] belts Of the [putorana] plateau. It was encountered in the mountain landscapes of all inspected in 1988-1991 yr. regions (Romanov, 1996). Usual on the nesting place it was found also in the West of plateau in the Noril'sk lakes ([Krechmar]. 1966; Morozov, 1984), where at the apexes of plateau it was numerous, also, on the autumnal flight (Morozov, 1984). Nesting in northern half Of [putorana] registered [V].[A]. Of [zyryanov] and [V].[V]. Of [larin] (1983), moreover in Lake. [Nerangda] in July 1986. were found most the highly located nests (n=2): 1000 m above sea level ([Zyryanov], 1988). Phenology. In 1988. the first 4 transit birds, that were being fed in the mouth r. Of [kapchug], they are noted on May 29. Flight continued until June 10, and possibly, and during the subsequent days. In this case the majority of migrants, after being held by pairs, was moved and fed in the tundra and the sparse growth at the apexes of plateau. In the same localities since July 5 appeared (besides single individuals) territorial pairs and the singing males. Raising nestlings from July 19 to 23 began. Taking out with the well flown and independently fed young are encountered in the hollows with the low osier bed among the mountain tundra on August 7. In 1989. the first birds are noted in the mixed flock with the Siberian horses on June 13. They all fed in the forest on the terrace r. Of [ayan], where the groups of migrants of 3-30 individuals continued to be encountered until June 24 inclusively. Since June 20 in the mountain tundra and the mountain sparse growth (when 30-60% of their surface were covered with snow) has already been encountered the territorial pairs, whose males it is active Paley. Since August 7 were observed the taking out, in which young actively solicited fodder in parents. The encounter of taking out on the shore r. Of [ayan] on August 12 indicates the beginning of autumnal flying away that it is confirmed by the almost complete disappearance of birds from the apexes of plateau by August 16, 1989. In 1990. in the source r. Of [kutaramakan] on June 4 to 6 were observed transient lone persons, vapors and small flocks on 3-5 individuals, which were being fed in the same biotopes as red-necked horses. In the mountain tundra the first territorial pair is noted on June 21, when more than 90% area of tundra were still covered with snow. Paley's males until July 20; birds with the fodder in the beaks were noted on July 11 to 20. On August 5 at the apexes of plateau, in snow fields, were encountered lone persons, vapors and small flocks on 3-8 individuals, in whom there were the independently fed young. After abundant snowfalls and sharp temperature drop on August 16 and 17 the birds moved into the valleys, to the coasts of rivers and lakes, where it was more easily feed. Intensive flight in the southwestern direction along the coasts Lake began during the same days. [Kutaramakan]. Migrants were held by small flocks on 6-15 individuals, pairs and according to the lone person and fed on the silted pebbles among [kurtinok] of sedge and bushes of osier bed. Numerically predominating among others it is ridge, American horses frequently formed general flocks with Siberian [zavirushkami], luscinias, bunting- crumbs, usual fireplaces. In the south Of [putorana] in 1991. spring and autumnal flight went on the forest edges along the coasts Lake. [Nyakshingda] from May 31 to June 11 and from August 15 to 28 respectively. Birds were infrequent and were held according to the lone person, by pairs, by small flocks on 3-7 individuals. In the mountain tundras in the south Of [putorana] - usual being nested form. In the mountain sparse growth it was encountered more rarely. By August 1 at the apexes of plateau the independently feeding themselves single young individuals began to be encountered (Romanov, 1996). |
Propagation. It nests in the tundras of Taimyr (Bohme and others, 1998) from his eastern part, valley Of [khatangi], lower course of underground Tungus, upper reaches of lower Tungus ([Stepanyan], 1990) and further to the east, beyond the limits of average Siberia. [Back] |
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