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Family [Chaykovye] Of laridae |
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Black-headed merry fellow Larus of ichthyaetus Of pallas, 1773 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. One of the largest seagulls. The mass of body 950-2000 g, spread it is wing 1550-1700 mm. in the marriage tail assembly it differs from other forms in terms of black head, and from the lake seagull - by large sizes. Painting the beak is characteristic: base is yellow, remaining part red with the black ring at the apex. Young birds with the red and brown speckles, in contrast to the laugher, tail is white with the dark-brown strip at the end ([Anyushin] and other, 2004). Feet are yellow or are greenish-yellow. Eyes of storm. In spite of the name, very taciturn seagull, and with the mating call does not laugh loud, but publishes the dull sound, similar to the roar. Distantly can resemble laughter only alarming cries in nest - low short ha-GA- GA . Usual cries - low of kava , [kaav] , [kaeaeae] ([Ryabitsev], 2001).
Places of inhabiting. Nests merry fellow as on the large (Lake. [Ubsu]-[Nur]), so on small on the area (natural boundary of three-Ozerki ) salt, saltish- aqueous and even flowing fresh (Lake. It snorted) the lakes of steppe and semiarid zones. For the multiplication the islands, frequently removed up to the significant distances from the coast, more frequently are selected. Merry fellows practically always nest in the mixed colonies with other seagulls ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). Phenology. Black-headed merry fellow arrives flying early to the south of region, when lakes still are located under ice. Thus, at Lake. Thor- tend in 1989. the first birds appeared on April 4, and at Lake. [Ubsu]-[Nur] in 1980. On April 9 these seagulls has already been held, forming the sufficiently significant accumulations ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). Data on the arrival of merry fellow into [Khakasiyu], given [S].[M]. by Prokofiev (1993), are distinguished for the month and they are fallen to the beginning of May. Nestlings hatch in the first half of June, and in the middle of July young rise to the wing. Flying away occurs gradually, separate birds can be observed prior to the beginning of October ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). Multiplication. Black-headed merry fellow - obligatory- colonial form, which forms pairs. The value of colonies varies from several pairs to ten. Thus, in the natural boundary of three-Ozerki in 1988. not more than 11 pairs (Prokofiev, 1991) nested, whereas in 1996. their number increased to 75 pairs ([Kutyanina] and others, 1997). For building of nest are used the dry stems of grassy vegetation, alga, separate feathers. The average number of eggs in the laying in the natural boundary of three-Ozerki composed 2,8 eggs ([Kutyanina] and others, 1997). In complete laying 1-3, most frequently 3 eggs. Their painting is cream, is pale-yellow or brown, are thinner frequent - sulfur- olive, spots dark-brown or brighter, the diverse form, most frequently middle-sized and thin. Sizes of the eggs 70-91 X of 48-59 mm. the duration of the incubation of one egg of 25-29 days. Painting eggs on the background varies from the light-cream to dark- the olive ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Hatch both partners ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). Nourishment. In contrast to the laugher in the nourishment of black-headed merry fellow the fish predominates and the much smaller value animal lands have, although, possibly, sometimes with worsening in the stern conditions their portion can grow. Large trophic connection with the fish, probably, serves as the explanation of the absence of black-headed merry fellow on Lake. [Khadyn] (central [Tuva]) in one of the largest colonies of the laugher of Yenisey Siberia ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). Number. One should speak about the redistribution of colonies inside the region of nesting. The contemporary number of merry fellow does not exceed 150 pairs ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). Measures of protection. Output and shooting are forbidden. Is introduced in the red list [MSOP]-96, the appendix CITES, the application of 1 Bonn convention, the application of the agreement, concluded by Russia with the republic of Korea, about the protection of the migrating birds, the enumeration of the forms of Russian- Indian convention on the protection of migratory birds, the Red Books of the Russian Federation, republic Kazakhstan, Krasnoyarskiy Kray, the republics Of [khakasiya], republics the Altai and [Tyva]. The basic sections of the inhabiting of form in [Khakasii] remain in the ornithological reservation the natural boundary of three-Ozerki and preserve Khakass ([Anyushin] of others, 2004). In the republics [Tyva] is guarded in the preserve [Ubsu]-[Nurskaya] basin . The places of a constant stay of merry fellow in by Krasnoyarsk edge at present it is not revealed and the special measures of protection it is not required ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000). |
Propagation. Black-headed merry fellow in the northern limits of his propagation of continuous area does not form. The separate jack settlements, often removed by several hundred kilometers from each other, are encountered from the northern areas of the Crimea and Azov sea to the large lakes and the North Western Mongolia, [Uryugnora] and [Kukunora] ([Stepanyan], 1990; 2003). North is known only one constant settlement of merry fellows - at Lake. Vats in the Novosibirskaya Oblast (mine passages, 1981). In 1985. black-headed merry fellow was noted in [Khakasii] at Lake. Bel, here and in the lakes black, [Itkul], snorted it they observed [S].[M]. Prokofiev and [YU].[I]. of bushes (Prokofiev, [Kustov], 1988; Prokofiev, 1991). Vagrant black-headed merry fellows in the Minusinsk basin were recorded in the first half [KHKH] v. ([Dementev], 1951), but later than communications about their encounters did not act. In 1991. for the first time for this territory is given the description of nests and nestlings of this form, which confirmed the fact of nesting black-headed merry fellow in [Khakasii] (Prokofiev, 1991). Nest in the natural boundary of three-Ozerki in The [koybalskoy] steppe ([Baykalov] and others, 1997; [Kutyanina] and other, 1997). Separate individuals they repeatedly noted also in the right-bank part of the Minusinsk basin, but nesting here is not proven. In [Tuve] it nests in the lakes Thor- tend [Ubsu]-[Nur] ([Syroechkovskiy] and other, 2000).[Back] |
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