| | | | The warmest down |
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 The most warm down with the northern ducks - gagi. Females pull out from his abdomen and lay down their nests. Thus they protect immure of unpredictable cold northern summer. At its teploizolyatsionnym qualities gagachy fluff has no equivalent among any natural or artificial materials to. That is why its use in the manufacture of garments for polar. Gagachy down long gathering in northern Europe, where they Duck nest. The second place on «heat» took down swans. Swan's-down further and very soft. In Russia it did pillows and blankets. | | "Black" beauty |
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 Peacocks has always shaken the human richness of the color of their feathers. A particularly beautiful tail of peacocks, which perelivaetsya all the colors of the rainbow. But it turns out that all this splendor is created only one pigment - black, a great number of colors - the result of refraction of light. | | Whiter than snow |
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 White pen with swans, gulls and terns some, herons and other birds caused by the total absence of pigments. In the beard of feathers from such species are microscopic cavities filled with air. The light is refracted in them, and created the illusion of snow -white feathers. | | The frequency of wing-beat |
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 The frequency with which birds mashut wings depends on the size of birds and the type of flight, which it uses. The larger the bird, the less likely it mashet wings. For example, houses sparrow makes about 13 stroke per second, starlings and Drozdy - 5-6, gray crows - 5, owls - about 4, and storks and herons - all 2. Of the larger birds are often mashut wings only about korotkokrylye species. For example, ordinary pheasant to stay in the air to make up to 9 sweep in the second. A midget among birds, humming-bird, using flickering flight forced to flitter with fantastic for vertebrates speed. In normal flight, these crumbs are doing 20 to 80 stroke per second, and a virtuoso of marriage - up to 100! | |
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Very rarely mashut pariteli-winged birds, but some, such as neck and albatrosses, can hold for long hours in the air, not making a single flirt. | | Most fast running bird |
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 Most fast-running bird on earth - the African ostrich. It can speed up to 97 kilometers per hour, but the average speed of movement is around 50 kilometers per hour. Run at such a speed strausu allow powerful long legs, with only two fingers (this is the only case in the class of birds). Muskulistye legs serve as ostriches good weapon, which stopped many predators. All have heard stories that funky ostrich hides its head in the sand. Of course, in reality this never happens, just run away ostrich suddenly disappears from view because it lies, holder of the land and long. On the chest of the ostriches have a plot of bare skin - «thoracic corn», helping birds rely on the land in the recumbent position. If such a move Hidden bird, she instantly jump up and flees.
Ostriches prefer to stay in motion, sometimes enthusiastic and vibrant community tirelessly running around and sometimes kruzhatsya in some crazy dance, pripodnimaya wings and their fear and trembling, as if going to fly. | | Above the gray gulf sea, proudly reet petrel |
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 Like eagles, vulture and other birds predators, albatrosses and petrels often use gliding flight. However parenie trubkonosyh (namely the group of birds are the albatrosses and petrels) fundamentally different - they used the strong wind and the difference in velocity of air flow over the waves. Because of the friction of water ocean winds at 15 meters above the surface much stronger than over the waves. Albatross rises to a level more rapid flow and gaining speed. Then the bird is planning down to meet the slow wind, and because moving faster, gaining height again. | |
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 Albatross can fly hundreds of kilometers, without a single wing-beat. But the calm they have to get water and perezhidat temporary calm. The narrow wings of albatrosses with very long forearms perfectly suited for gliding flight. | | Used materials: |
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Il'ichev VD, Kartashov NN, Shilov IA Overall ornithology. Moscow: High School, 1982. 464 pp.
Mosalov AA, Shitikov DA Birds and animals. Moscow: ACT, 2000. 160 pp.
State Darvinovsky Museum
Encyclopedia Krugosvet | |
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