Field signs. Slozheniem recalls buzzard, but lighter and larger. The tail is whitish with a broad dark stripe on the edge of (young, it is divided into two or three narrow strips); chest pestriny; in the belly and wings fold dark spots ; Wings from the bottom of almost white; bobbin opera until the fingers (Böhme et al, 1998). Ohotnee than ordinary buzzard, sits down to the ground. Characteristics and a voice like a small perepelyatnika (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Typical predator tundra, forest-tundra and the extreme northern boreal forest of Central Siberia. Optimal conditions for nesting - in the subzone typical tundra, but in the cluster area includes the southern sub-arctic tundra, at least in the North-West Taimyr (Vronsky, 1986). The most northern point known nesting on the Taimyr - the valley of the river. Ice Mountain Byrranga (Kozhevnikov, 1982, 1983) by approximately 75 ° 45 'c.sh., ie at the breadth of the mouth of the river. Lower Taimyr. In other parts Taymyra northern boundary nesting zimnyaka not entirely clear. Perhaps it is subject to large fluctuations as well as in the river basin. Lower Taymyry he nesting is not found, but found few old nests (roads, Kokorev, 1981). In subzone typical tundra is typical. In the West Taimyr from Purinskih Lakes (72 ° N) during the high numbers of lemming and polevok zimnyakov jacks are located at 3-6, sometimes in 1,5-2 km one from another (Krechmar, 1966). During the low number of myshevidnyh rodent population density zimnyakov reduced several times. A lake. Taimyr, for 74 ° N zimnyaki more common , But in the mountains north of the Arctic tundra Byrranga not nest. None of the islands of North and the Earth. At the origins of the river. Pyasiny they are usually for a nesting place, but in an area of lakes and Norilsk in the forest south of Dudinki nesting rare. Very occasionally occur in extreme northern taiga in the area Hantayskogo lakes and Khatanga. AY Tugarinov believed that the Yenisey zimnyaki occasionally nest in the taiga south of Turuhanska (65 ° 40 'N). During the summer of 1985 and 1986. MA Tarkovsky met breeding pairs zimnyakov much south, the river basin. Bahty, on the interval between the estuaries of its tributaries Minor Bahtinki and Huringdy (63 ° -63 ° 40 'c.sh.). There is information about rare nesting zimnyakov in Evenkia on the Lower Tunguska (NP Naumov gotten zimnyaka summer on the river. Kochechume) and covered with taiga redkostoynoy Watersheds Lower and Podkamennoy Tungusok (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). In the area of Peace summer rarely meet single nomadic birds. In autumn, spring and winter nomadic zimnyakov can be found anywhere in the southern half of Central Siberia. Part of their winters in the south of the province, part fly away for winter in Tuva and Mongolia (Rogacheva, 1988).
Phenology. Purinskih from the tundra lakes appear in mid-May, mass transit - in late May - early June. In late September - early October zimnyaki disappear from the tundra (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Jacks on the tundra directly on the ground, more often yielding coastal cliffs, knob, the slopes raspadkov. In Putoranah nest on the cliffs in the forest and the extreme northern taiga in the larch. In the nest 3-4, lemmingovye years , 5 and even 6 egg whites with ryzhim krapom. Nest - flat pile of branchless or dry twigs. Masonry until mid-June. Hatching chicks - July 10-20, 35-40 days after the young begin to fly (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Nutrition. The main food zimnyaka summer serve Lemming - myshevidnye small rodents living in the tundra. Occasionally catches hares, probably young, in the spring - White kuropatok. Readily eat carrion (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
