Field signs. Major vermin sharp two-color (blackish-brown top and white bottom). At zobe dark cross pattern. The head is white, through the eye black on the back of his head a toupee. Operenie hard and dense. At the tibia is not long feathers - «pants». Bobbin is not opera. The fingers on the inside have thorns that help keep the fish. Black beak, raduzhina yellow. In flight, similar to clanga size and long broad wings, but not flexure wing rounded and sharp. Hunts over water, mining looks for soaring flight, stopping and «tryasyas» in the air. Catches with the dispersion in the water for fish, vytyanuv legs, sometimes completely submerged. Vynyrnuv, osprey on the fly otryahivaetsya, tousle feathers. Cautious, silent bird. Resting, sitting in trees. Voice - calls «kai-kai-kai», a nest sometimes «Ki-Ki ethicists» (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. In the province osprey is found quite widely. At the north comes to the border of forests in the southern forest is found only in the upper river. And on Turuhana district. Soviet (Rogacheva et al, 1987). At the district. Apply to osprey Yenisey with. Angutiha (66 ° 10 'N), nest on the east Hantayskom lake at the mouth of the river. Hakanchi and the lake. Kulembe (Syroechkovsky, 1961; Rogacheva, 1988). Rather common to fish the rivers between the taiga river. Obi and Dr.. Yenisei. To the south extended to the borders of the province. Even at the beginning of the century osprey gnezdilas River. Chulym near the town Nazarova, ss. Man, in the lower reaches of the river. Usa, in Minusinsk Basin from Kyzykulskih and Mozharskih lakes in Sayanah - at Oyskom lakes and rivers Buybe, Kuyarte (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911; Sushkin, 1914). Now Minusinsk Basin osprey little left, she found nesting in the only lake . Kyzykul Small (Cousteau, 1978, 1982; Kohanovsky, 1991). Currently, osprey usually on rivers and lakes Sayan mountain system. Here it is distributed on the river valleys, but before the top of the forest is not raised. Osprey nest on the upper river Kazyra, Kizira, Amyla, marked on the river. Tube (Kim, 1961; Baranov, 1991). At the district. Qana osprey met twice. At the mouth of the river. Kitormy of floodplain lakes found long slot. At the mouth of the river. Qana is regularly seen hunting Skopje, which is likely to nest on the river. Most Vesnina. Usually, osprey on the right tributary river. Bearer - River. Agulu. Here in 1989 was found seven nesting pairs (Valyuh, 1991, 1996). Slots and left the flow of the river. Bearer - River. Kungusu. In the West Sayan Mountains in the valley of the river. Yenisei (in the Sayano-Shushenskoye Reserve) in the early 1980's, was known 3 residential osprey nests: from the mouths of rivers Antropki, Kyzyrsuka and bare (Sokolov et al, 1983). Osprey occurs in the rivers Chune, Taseevoy, nest on the river. Usolke around with. Bas. Found at nesting on the river. Chulym is 3-4 kilometers from above. Hill (Valyuh, 1991). Nest on the upper river Sisim, Shinda, Mana, Pezo, in places maloposeschaemyh man. Rare species nesting boreal rivers Priangarya. They noted in the lower reaches of the river. Chadobtsa, on the river. Angara in the vicinity of the islands Turgenev and arable. On the left the flow of the river. Angara, ss. Cove, single bird (4 individuals) are registered at the site of the village. Karamyshevo to the mouth. In the lower reaches of the river. Angara (Motyginskoe mnogoostrove) met with a family group consisting of 3 birds. Within two years, osprey seen in the middle district. Floodplain (river basin. Biryusy) (Emelyanov et al, 1996).
 Habitats. The environmental needs of the type expressed a range of conditions that make distribution and size of Skopje in Krasnoyarsk. The size and type of water is not decisive for nesting osprey, however, she prefers to settle on the banks of rivers with abundant Pleso and relatively slow over much less, she noted a small lake. At the small river from the rough ones (although there are many grayling) osprey nest and not very rarely hunt here. Osprey presence at a particular location - an indicator of high numbers of fish in rivers. But not just fodder define the spread of land species in the province. The decisive role played by all the relevant conditions are met: the availability of high vegetation near the water, depth, clarity and speed River. Requirements of choice clustered site, it seems, are not only the height of the nest from the ground, but also a good opportunity to review, which nest trees these birds are visible, and visible from the river. Where at least one of the conditions there, or is not rare osprey nest (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
Reproduction. In the province osprey nest only in trees, built nests on the tops of high dry or semi-trees - spruce, cedar and larch. Couples posted one from the other typically a few kilometers. The closest neighborhood pairs observed at a distance of 10 km and 16. There osprey developed cluster conservatism: Some nest sites are used by them a long time - up to 15-18 years. Birds living in Sayan, highly sensitive to the factors of anxiety, they leave their breeding facility in the vicinity of their hunting or fishing izbushek. Masonry consists of 2-3 eggs. Nasizhivayut both birds. Cluster period lasts about eight weeks. Families stick together before departure, usually within their cluster area (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Nutrition. Skopje - characteristic ihtiofag, feed raznoobranoy fish, in this predominantly Sayanah grayling. In the troubled waters and the inability to feed dobyvaniya main attacking rodents, frogs, chicks and birds podrankov (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Number. The overall number of Skopje in the entire region is difficult to assess due to little large northern territories. So far, the most complete and accurate surveyed southern mountain taiga areas. As a result, counts conducted in the past two decades, the rivers and lakes Sayan mountain system revealed the following number of Skopje: on the river. Kisiri - 4-6 nesting pairs, rivers Kazyre, Tube - 6-8, rivers Amyle, Shandate - 6-8, ss. Shinde - 1-2, ss. Prostrate - 2-3, ss. Sisime - 3-4, ss. Mane - 4-5 pairs, ss. Qana - 1-2, ss. Pezo - a pair of 2-3, ss. Kunguse - 3-4 pairs, rivers and Small Agul Agule - 8-10, ss. Debut - 1-2, ss. Kebezhe - 1-2, ss. Yenisey (Sayano-Shushenskoye Reservoir) - 2-3, ss. All - 3-4, ss. Kantegire - 2-3, ss. Chulym - 4-5, ss. Usolke - 2-3, rivers Taseevoy, Chune - 2-3, ss. Uryupe - 2-3, ss. Most Vesnina - 1-2 nesting pairs (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911; Syroechkovsky, 1961; Rogacheva et al, 1987; Rogacheva, 1988). In view of birds living on the lakes and rivers in the basins of the above, the total number of Skopje in the southern mountain taiga part of 120-150 nesting pairs. At the district. Yenisey in places of permanent residence rights, it is rare everywhere. At srednetaezhnom Yenisey in the Peace annually at the Spring flying there are only a few birds. For small srednetaezhnym Yenisei tributaries density osprey averages 1 pair at 100-200 km River (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). As shown by a survey of river basins Kemchuga and Keti, the density of nesting osprey in the southern taiga much higher, ranging from 2 to 4 pairs per 100 km. Quite normal osprey was in the river basin. Syma: thus, at the Long Yar - the river. Sym Tay-VN Sidorkinym said 14 residential nests of species. In some parts of the river density reached 5 nesting pairs to 100 kilometers (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). It is likely that the number of nesting osprey significant tributaries of the river downstream. Podkamenaya Tunguska, especially in the Tsentralnosibirskogo reserve. At the district. Soviet was found three nests Skopje, in the upper river. Heaters (Pool Angara) was found two breeding pairs (Syroechkovsky et al, 1978; Rogacheva et al, 1987; Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Given the total area of the spread of species in the southern and middle taiga, there is every reason to say that the numbers of osprey is not concentrated in the mountains and taiga in the plains of Siberia Prieniseyskoy (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Limiting factors. Chief among them - a narrow specialty food (Skopje - characteristic ihtiofag) and a reduction in food supply, which reflected the decline of fish stocks in many rivers of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For the birds that inhabit Sayan, a significant negative role played by a factor of concern. On many rivers, once widely populated Skopje, the conditions have changed habitat types, and he disappeared. There is still a number of places available shooting osprey hunters and fishermen, as it still often considered harmful bird (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
