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Family [Rzhankovye] Of charadriidae |
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[Tules] Pluvialis of squatarola Of linnaeus, 1758 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. Sufficiently large snipe (weight 170-200 d) of the characteristic [rzhanochego] addition: with the short straight beak, the large head and comparatively short feet. Painting is contrasting: bottom is in summer is intensively black, spin with bright white transverse [pestrinkami]. Black color on the head and the neck is bordered by broad white band. The underside of wing black, it is possible to examine into the binoculars. To [podkhvoste] is white. There is the rear, fourth finger, which is absent in other dotterels. Voice is mournful, but is sufficiently melodious: [tuu]- whether [tuu]- whether or [tyuirli] ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Propagation. Rare circumpolar snipe. It nests in the tundra zone of Taimyr. The concrete facts, which refine the northern and southern boundaries of nesting, a little, and the [podzonalnaya] belonging of form by the different authors is understood differently. Very northern place of nesting - region of the wintering of schooner Zarya (North Western Taimyr, 76° 08 ' N) (Walter, 1902). [Tules] widely nests in Taimyr in the subzones of Arctic and typical tundras. General nesting in the subzone of bushy tundras in Taimyr is not thus far proven, although the separate facts speak about this possibility ([Krechmar], 1966). It is small on the southern boundary of nesting data. [Tules] in Taimyr - widespread tundra snipe, [kharaktarnyypreimushchestvenno] for the Arctic and the northern part of the subzone of typical tundras. Sometimes it nests in the subzone of bushy tundras and even forest-tundra transition area - are, where developed the dry increased tundra sections necessary for it. As a whole it is rare and is encountered sporadically, with exception of some most favorable for it sections of the Arctic tundras, where it can be related to the number of usual ([Rogacheva], 1988). Phenology. Data on phenology are interrupted. In Taimyr [tules] arrives flying more lately than into other parts of the tundra zone. In the mouth of the Yenisey appears in the second decade period June 20 July in [Golchikhi] the nest with the recently hatched nestlings, on August 1 on r. of deep - large nestlings with size from the starling, flying away from the tundra - from the end of August ([Tugarinov], [Buturlin], 1911). It was not noted under Krasnoyarsk on the spring flight, whereas the autumnal flight of [tulesov] was expressed well (toward the end September). On the flight the small flocks of [tulesov] are held separately from other dotterels ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Multiplication. Jack biotope - dry increased sections of [driadovykh] spotty- rocky and [raznotravno]-mossy- lichen tundras ([Rogacheva], 1988). [Tules] - mono-din. As a rule, they nest they are separately and held by entire family in the jack section, until nestlings grow up. Nest on the open dry area in the pit, hardly covered by the pieces of lichens, by the twigs of ledum and polar willow. Laying - 4 bright eggs with the blackish- brown spots. With the approximation of man to a nest of [tules] as all dotterels, is expressed extraordinary uneasiness and from a distance it meets by its alarming cry ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980).
Nourishment. Nourishment is studied little. In southwestern Taimyr basis compose the living in the soil larvas of dipterous and carabus ([Krechmar], Chernov, 1963). In the stomachs frequently are encountered the larvas of [tipulid], it is single - flying insects ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Number. The number of form is stable. [Tules] - rare bird, with exception of some sections of the Arctic tundras of North Western Taimyr, where it is possible to consider it usual form. Average number in the Arctic tundras and the northern part of the subzone of the typical tundras of Taimyr - 0,4-0,5 [osobi]/[km]2 ([Kokorev], 1983; [Sdobnikov], 1959; [Yurlov], 1982; Wronski, 1986; and other). In the most favorable for [tulesa] dry [raznotravno]-lichen- mossy Arctic tundras in the lower reaches of the river r. of lazy (75° 16 ' N) the density of nesting by places reached to 6,2-9 [osobey]/[km]2 (Wronski, 1986). |
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