Field signs. The big goose dense mass resignation of 3-4, occasionally up to 6 kg. Light-gray plumage on the belly of adult black spots. Bean is good from one-pink beak and bright. Very good swims, walks and runs along the ground. It can dive. Flies quickly, wing-beat rare, but powerful. At passage flies high, building a corner or file in. Stein cautious bird. The voice - loud metallic «ha-ha-ha», on the fly - vocal and loud «gagang ... gagang ». Patriarch of most breeds of domestic geese (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. Nesting migratory species, water dweller steppe and forest zones of the region. In the first half of the twentieth century. Area of gray goose Prieniseyskoy covered the south of Siberia, north to 55 ° N, where it was relatively rare for nesting ( Ptushenko, 1952). The birds inhabited the steppe lake systems and floodplain complexes Minusinskoy (Khakassia) and Usinskoy hollows, lived in the basin upstream river. Chulym (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911; Sushkin, 1914, 1938; Yanushevich, Yurlov, 1950; Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).
In 1950-1970's in connection with the intensive development of human steppe and forest landscapes of the border area of the spread of gray goose have changed, but the number decreased. Isolated nesting preserved in the most remote habitats, to the north to 54 ° N (Ivanov, 1976) and probably the north. In the early 1980's, stay gray goose had been registered in some reservoirs Nazarovskoy Hollow (Zhukov, Tertitskiy, 1984), also in adjacent areas of Khakassia (Prokofiev, 1977, 1984, 1987; Voronetsky , 1984; Rogacheva, 1988). At the adjacent territories of the findings of this type have been known in Central Tuvinskoy, Ubsu-Nurskoy basins (Savchenko, 1983; Savchenko, Emelyanov, 1984), the Central Keti (Moskvitin and others, 1977 ), In the Kemerovo (Belyankin, 1984) and the Irkutsk Region (Reymers, 1966; Melnikov, Tolchin, 1993). In the 1990's individual couples and small groups of breeding geese survived by staritsam in the floodplain of Upper Chulyma, where they have been observed within Uzhuro-Novoselovskogo, Balahtinskogo and Nazarovskogo sites. Confirmed nesting of the species in the western basin Nazarovskoy (Sharypovsky district) . Here, the birds were in an area Kandatskogo reservoir, Lake. Sogra and in the adjacent marsh array on the river. TEMPO (Pool district. Beres). A small number of geese resides in the summer of floodplain river. Uryup (left tributary river. Chulyma) below. Nikolskoye. Regular nesting occurs in the lake. White and the mouth of the river. Uzhurki. Some couples and line birds found in suitable habitats upstream r.Serezh. At Solgonskom, Yaginskom and Cherdynskom areas of the river there periodically nesting gray geese (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). A small number of birds, apparently nest in the Kemerovo region (Gagina, 1997), in rivers and Uryup Kiya. On the right Yenisei stay gray goose found in the basin of the river downstream. Amyla and some reservoirs Kanskoy depression in the river basins of Qana and Usolki (Emelyanov et al, 1995; Emelyanov et al, 1996). Modern habitat types in the region divided and weak contact represented by three groups: Chulym-serezhskoy, South and Minusinsk kansko-usolkovskoy (Emelyanov, Savchenko, 1997). Habitats. Gray Goose occupies large lake water (natural and artificial) island steppe and forest region, floodplain complexes large rivers, large grassy marshes and kochkarnikovye. In gnezdovoe being preferred lakes, reedy, reedmace or kamyshom necessarily near wet meadows. Phenology. Priletayut spring gray geese in the second decade of April (an average of 15 April), when water still shackled by ice. Active arrival and passage of gray geese observed in the period from April 20 to May 5. Adult birds begin nesting in the first half of May. The full stack found on 15-17 May at Bazandaevskogo Lake consisted of 5 and 6, almost white eggs. The emergence of chicks of the first half of June. At Lake. Vyvodka White 3, consisting of 4, 4 and 6 gusyat 10 to 15 days of age were 25-26 in June 1996 Lin «local» birds, apparently, in nesting areas. At that time, geese are very cautious and low. On the wings of poultry (fingerlings and adults) raises usually in late July - early August. Autumn migration due to the small number of groups expressed weakly and runs from 25 August to 10 September. The proportion of gray goose in the overall flow of goose birds in key areas ranging from 0.28 to 2.7%. Accurate information about wintering gray geese found in Krasnoyarsk, no. Presumably the birds winter in India (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Pary permanent. Beginning to proliferate in the third - the fourth year of life. Arrives to nesting very early, when there is snow and water under ice. For nests chooses splaviny, heaps of old cane or dry log on the beach. The nest is a major, made from dried plant material. Tray vystlan down. Masonry - 4-10, 4-5 more egg whites, slightly yellowish, sometimes with a greenish tinge. Gusynya nasizhivaet within 27-28 days, the gander is near the nest (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Nutrition. Basis food - sprouts and fruit water and marsh plants, meadow cereals. In autumn before departure can feed on stubble and the fields, choosing the seeds of cultivated plants and eating vshody winter (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Number. In predgnezdovoy period in 1990 at waters Nazarovskoy and Chulymo-Eniseyskoy hollows dwelt no more than 150 gray geese, including 10-20 nesting pairs. Reservoirs Nazarovskoy and Chulymo-Eniseyskoy hollows inhabited no more than 150 gray geese, including 10-20 nesting pairs (Emelyanov et al, 1995). Density in the river floodplain. Serguei was 0.22, on the Upper Chulyme - 0.29 individuals per km 2. After nesting birds gather on the Great Lakes and White Kosogol, where the density figures could reach 15.7 species per km 2. Currently, the total number of gray geese living in the basin of the Upper Chulyma does not exceed 250-300 individuals: Pool district. Serguei - 60-80, Upper and the surrounding Chulym steppe lake - 80-100, Uryup river basins and Beres - 30-50 of birds. The number of gray geese that inhabit the right (of South and Minusinskuyu Kanskuyu depression) does not exceed 100 individuals. Livestock gray goose in the adjacent territories, forming a single natural populations of Krasnoyarsk, is: in the Kemerovo region (north-east section) - 70; in Khakassia - 150-200; in Tuva - 1000-1500 birds (Emelyanov, Savchenko , 1997). The multi-year trend indicates a steady decrease of gray goose in the twentieth century. Some stabilization of the number of (very low) recorded in the early 1990's. There is currently a weak increase in the number of gray geese in Prieniseyskoy Siberia (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Limiting factors. Factions gray goose living Minusinskuyu hollow and the river basin. Chulym, early in the twentieth century. Were not many (Sushkin, 1914). The development of grassland and forest landscapes in the 1950-1960's, accompanied by immoderate hunting, habitat degradation, the use of pesticides and fertilizers in processing fields, led to almost complete destruction of geese. In modern conditions than the ongoing poaching adversely affect inherent habitat shortage. The remaining group of gray geese - the apparent result of adapting to the circumstances of the type of anthropogenic landscape (Savchenko, Emelyanov, 1997). References. |
