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Family [Mukholovkovye] Of muscicapidae |
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Small flycatcher Ficedula of parva Of bechstein, 1794 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. Smallest of our flycatchers (weight of 11 d). The male has the top and the side of head and neck, side and the forward section of the breast ash-gray, throat and goiter - red, as they are bordered by gray strip. The top reddish-brown- is gray, bottom and broad bands along the sides of tail white. The female and young does not have red spot on the throat, and ash-gray color is substituted brown-gray. Cry - low hoarse [trrr]-[trrr] . Song - sonorous and loud, reduced in the tones whistler range ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Propagation. Bird high, is more frequent than mixed scaffolding with the underbrush; it is held on the edges, the clearings, the coasts of small reservoirs and swamps ([Rogacheva], 1988). Is found [S].[M]. Prokofiev (1987) on the nesting place in the Minusinsk basin ([P].[P]. Of [sushkin] only assumed its presence). Rarely it nests also in The [usinskaya] basin. It is extended here over riverside [ureme] and bushes along the hollows it is channel. In Western [Sayane] it is usual on the trough mixed scaffolding of assorted composition; it is, where more than light-coniferous species, number is above (2-8 [osobey]/[km]2); more rarely is encountered in the middle upland and alpine cedar- larch scaffolding (1-2 individuals) (Sokolov and others, 1983; Petrov, [Rudkovskiy], 1985; Prokofiev, 1987[a]). Usual being nested bird of the foothills eastern [Sayana] in Krasnoyarsk and in the preserve posts ; it prefers the light-coniferous and mixed scaffolding; therefore more rarely is encountered on the valleys of mountain creeks (Yudin, 1952; [Krutovskaya], 1958). It is noted on r. to polygon in [Vyezzhego] Log and in the average course Of [kazyra] ([Tugarinov], of 1913; By Kim, 1961). In the strip of [podtaygi] small flycatcher is found predominantly in the [smeshanno]- dark-coniferous scaffolding; in the pond of large [Kemchuga] it is rare (0,8 [osobi]/[km]2) ([Naumov], 1960), in the pond r. of floodlands - it is numerous in the riverside fir-fir- birch scaffolding (10 [osobey]/[km]2) and it is usual in the high pine forests and the birch choppings with the admixture of pine tree and aspen (on 2 [osobi]/[km]2) ([Ravkin] and other, 1987). In the southern taiga it is encountered everywhere, but number is different. In the Yenisey under 59o N in s. [Pogodaevo] barely it was encountered, north (to 60o 10 ' N) regularly it nested in dark-coniferous and coniferous- deciduous the scaffolding (on the average of 1 [osob]/[km]2) above the flood plain (Boer, [Vakhrushev], 1983). In [Priangare] it is numerous in the [lesobolotnykh] complexes and the pine forests of interfluves (12-32 [osobi]/[km]2), it is usual (1-5 [osobey]/[km]2) during the cuttings down and in the pine- birch scaffolding ([Ravkin], 1984). [D].[V]. [Vladyshevskiy] (1980) and [YU].[P]. Of [shaparev] ([Vladyshevskiy], [Shaparev], 1976) met it on the nesting place only in the pine forests (3-4 [osobi]/[km]2). In [Zaangare] in the low-mountain dark-coniferous taiga in sett. solving it was numerous (12 [osobey]/[km]2) (It [gibet], [Artamoshin], 1977). In the upper reaches To [keti] - most extended from the flycatchers ([Moskvitin] and other, 1977). In the Yenisey average taiga the usual being nested form, but is extended somewhat sporadically. In the south of subzone, in [Vorogova] (61o N), as a whole it is rare; it is usual in the dark-coniferous taiga, on the outskirts of [ryamov] and swampy birch groves (1-5 [osobey]/[km]2). In the peaceful (62o 15 ' N) it nests very widely (from 0,8 to 8 [osobey]/[km]2), but preferably in the swampy fir groves on the valleys of taiga creeks and the moist hollows, usually near the clearings and the edges. On the north of subzone ([Alinskoe], 63o 20 ' N) it is usual in the dark-coniferous taiga, on the being overgrown cinder, in the floodland scaffolding and the bushes (2-4 [osobi]/[km]2). In central-taiga [Evenkii], in the pond r. Of [chuni] (61o 20 ' - 61o 45 ' N) small flycatcher in 1985. it was numerous in the dark-coniferous taiga and the pine forests (22-31 [osob]/[km]2) and it is very numerous (198 [osobey]/[km]2) on the old cinder. In 1986. the singing male was noted BY [O].[A]. by Chernikov, also, in the northern part of the subzone, on the lower Tungus in the sett. Of [yukta] (63o 30 ' N). In the northern Yenisey taiga in the south of subzone ([Baklanikha], 64o 25 ' N) it is usual, in the extreme northern taiga rare, but it nested on fan large [Konoshchele] (66o 20 ' N). In the floodlands, during the cuttings down, in the rich riverside forest and in the sections of dark-coniferous taiga it is usual (1-10 [osobey]/[km]2), in the remaining localities rare or was not noted ([Rogacheva], [Vakhrushev], 1983). In southwestern Taimyr the northern boundary of the area of form goes in Lake. Salmon also of the sources r. of fish (68o 40 ' N), in the northern limit forest vegetation ([Krechmar], 1966). In central [Evenkii] in the lower reaches of the river r. Of [kochechum] small flycatcher - usual form of larch taiga (1-2 [osobi]/[km]2) ([Vakhrushev], [Vakhrusheva], 1987); in the environments of fucoid in the [poslegnezdovoe] time it was also usual (7 [osobey]/[km]2) (wolves, 1987[a]). In [okresnostyakh] Lake. By [essey] (extreme northern taiga, 68o 30 ' N) [O].[A]. Chernikov on June 12, 1979. it met one flycatcher in the purple willows on the shore r. Of [sikosyan] ([Rogacheva], 1988). The places of inhabiting - very diverse scaffolding, from the dark conifers to the bright deciduous, prefer those mixed, with the underbrush, moistened or swamped, next to the cuttings down, by cinder, by clearings ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Phenology. Arrival under Krasnoyarsk at the end of May, fresh layings - on June 14, [sletki], which left nest - on July 12, autumnal flight - on August 26 - on September 1 (Yudin, 1952). In southwestern Taimyr in Lake. Conan the independent taking out is noted on July 25 ([Krechmar], 1966). Multiplication. It nests in the half-open and closed hollows and during the bifurcations of trees. The nests places on the height from 1 to 12 m. the open nest it has a form of the correct small cup, accurately interlaced from the moss, [stebelkov] of grasses, wood fibers, plant down. Outside it is sometimes coated by thin twigs and lichen. Chute is covered by moss, sometimes by the hairlike whiskers of the twisted plants and with a small quantity of horse hair. Dimensions of the nest: the diameter of chute 45-50 mm, the depth of chute is 35-45 mm (Mikheev, 1996). In laying 4-9, it is more frequent than 5-6 eggs. Their painting - pale- greenish or almost white, there can be bluish or yellowish, with the [rzhavchatymi] either ocherous- brown spots and the speckles, which can be abundant and clear, or obscure, washed away, up to the fact that they take the form of flat spraying on entire egg or only at the dull end. Female, beginning from the discarding of last egg or on 1-2 days (egg) earlier, during 12-15 days, hatches the sizes of the eggs 14-19 X of 12-14 mm. Nestlings have sufficiently long gray it swelled on the upper side of head and body, oral cavity yellow, [klyuvnye] rollers white. Male and female feed nestlings. In the case of danger with the agitated cries they fly over all around, they can imitate attack on the person, [osmatrivayushchego] nest, flying and turning away in face itself. Nestlings sit in the nest of 11-15 days ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Nourishment. Using the methods of the obtaining of fodder it is more plastic than other flycatchers, they can catch output in air, frequently is gathered it from the branches, leaves, grass, earth ([Ryabitsev], 2001). It feeds by insects (not only flying), including frequently by the beetles ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). |
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