Field signs. A very large duck with a long neck and narrow beak. Weight males - 1700-2000 town head, neck and back, black, bottom and side of pink-white beak and red legs. A female throat and goiter white, unlike the female nosy merganser. The flight of heavy, but fast, with a slight whistling sound. Taking off from water and noisy with "razbegom." Excellent nyryaet. Great flocks does not form. From nosy merganser different large size, white sides and goitre, female - a sharp boundary of red color on the neck. Voice Male - blind "ba-bean" among females - thick "Carr-Carr (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Taiga zone occupies the entire region, places going to nesting and Taimyrskaya forest. At Hantayskom Lake and Norilsk lakes - small or fairly normal nesting duck. Common in the upper Vilyuya. In the forest the upper river. Pyasiny nesting doubtful. In the middle taiga in the Yenisey nemnogochislen, but nest elsewhere, mainly on its tributaries. Prefers larger river than nosy merganser (Rogacheva, 1988).
According to LG Vartopetova (1984), in the Ob-Eniseyskom between the end of June is typical for nadpoymennyh lakes and rare in early July, the undersized ryamah (2 and 0.1 individuals per 10 km). In the southern taiga, this author has a large merganser are not met, only rarely observed in late July - early August of birds flying over low-lying swamps and fields, pereleskami. In the pool Syma big merganser normal, and even large nesting and span appearance (Savchenko et al, 2001). Very occasionally, but regularly nest on the Angara and Zaangare. In Sayanah big merganser - one of the most ordinary ducks (Rogacheva, 1988). Regularly celebrated our rivers predgory where its density was 1.1 individuals / km 2, we have traced up to 1500 meters above sea level. In Seybinskoy basin marked predotletnye accumulations of up to 15 birds in the group (Baikal, Laptsenak, 1996). According to AS Martynov (1983), knows a lot of wintering big merganser on the river bar and shiverah on the Angara and Podkamennoy Tunguska. In Putoranah found in the highest part of the plateau, where the river is typical of the mountain (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. Priletaet spring one of the first ducks: in the middle taiga in mid-May, with Norilsk - in late May - early June. Otlet later - even in the Arctic krohali delayed until early October, leaving the non-freezing rapids of rivers and rapids (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). At the district. Syme spring arrives early, and at the end of the last decade of April from scour can be found the first bird. Stable passage is in the first decade of May. In spring 1997 krohali flying from late April to the first decade of June, the peak migration 5-30 May. The density at the river in those days to reach 40-50 individuals at 10 km. Later, she had stabilized and would not exceed an average of 0,88 ± 0,22 individuals / km 2. By nesting great merganser begin in May, the first vyvodki observed in the last decade of June - early July. In late August, many chicks are still being hlopuntsov or podletkov. Often vyvodki down on the tributaries to Symu where the individual sections to form clusters of 30-50 birds. With the rise in the wing starts and gradual departure merganser. By the end of September on floodplains Syma, Casa, Keti kept them relatively little, while birds from late vyvodkov and adult males are found here almost to ice (Savchenko et al, 2001). At Abakan young krohali size of a Chirka appear in early July. In extreme northern taiga at Norilsk lakes in mid-September can be found vyvodki not yet able to fly (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Jacks in the mountainous areas are often satisfied in the cleft of coastal cliffs, but more often in the hollows of old trees, sometimes at an altitude of 10-18 meters and sometimes nest on the ground, but hidden, such as under wood or fins. Tray nest abundantly vystlan down, but white, not dark as the average merganser. A large masonry merganser in the middle taiga since late May, under the Norilsk in the first decade of June. It 8-12 cream-white eggs (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Nutrition. Feeds almost exclusively on fish, actively pursuing prey under water. Because of the specificity of food meat merganser (except lutka) has a specific "fishy" smell (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. In the northern taiga habitats concentrated 66% of provincial resource types, in southern taiga - 24%, in a highly-severotaezhnyh - 10%; with the development of motor transport neletnye vyvodki large merganser were heavily persecuted hunters, but reducing the number has not yet been observed; in the 1978-1981 biennium. total amounted to 270 thousand individuals (Martynov, 1983). According to the latest data, the number of large merganser in the south of Krasnoyarsk region at the end of the 90-ies of the twentieth century. Stood at 80 thousand individuals, of their holdings Eniseyskoy plains accounts for at least 20 thousand individuals. Reductions in the number of non-existent (Savchenko et al, 2001). References. |
