Field signs. The largest of poganok, the size of a large duck (mass 1,0-1,2 kg, and even up to 1.5 kg). Coloring sharply Two: burovaty dark top and white bottom. At the head of dark «cap», between the «cap» and eyes bright streak differ from chomgu seroschekoy toadstool. In spring and developed chestnut collar «ears» at the head. Beak almost entirely red, zelenovatye feet, his eyes red. The neck in front of a bright, straight and long, the whole body, too elongated. In-flight vytyanuty legs back and neck - forward and down a bit. Flight direct and quick, but little maneuver. Takes off reluctantly, to run. On the water hazard chomga instantly nyryaet and vynyrivaet far issued only the head and neck. Swim and nyryaet well. Voice of diversity: the spring - a loud guttural cry «kiua», marking the urge - «kyuik» (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. The northern border range chomgi CIS decreases to the east. Occur in the steppe and forest zones of the province, mainly in Minusinsk Basin and Khakassia. PP Sushkina and AF Kote chomgu found everywhere in public (not the forest) and lakes Minusinskogo Achinskogo counties to the west of the Yenisei. East Minusinska she met less often, although PP Sushkina met several couples at Kyzykulskom lake in 20 versts east of the city. On the mountain and lakes in southern boreal region (for example, Mozharskih Oyskom or lakes), he chomgu not met. Northern boundary of its circulation in the province he has the latitude to Krasnoyarsk (1914). Nowadays chomga survived by nesting on the steppe and forest lakes Khakassia (1977, 1987), and (the unit) is found in the western basin Nazarovskoy (Zhukov, Tertitskiy, 1984).
Habitats. Large, well-warmed flat lake with thickets of aquatic vegetation and with a big mirror the open waters rich in fish. Where people create habitats for it, chomga their zaselyaet. For example, it has to settle Bratske Reservoir on the Angara. Usually chomgi nest on the waters of an area of not less than 20 hectares and a depth of at least 1 meter (Kurochkin, 1982). In Iyuso Shirinskoy-steppe (Khakassia) chomgi in the largest number live in large lakes and coastal splavinoy nadpoymennye average size of the lake edge, less barrier type overgrown with (Prokofiev, 1984). Reproduction. Pereletnaya nesting birds. Usually breeds separate pairs, only large lakes form a colony. Nest sites are constant. The nest is beginning to build not just sometimes, one month after arrival. A nest of floating or anchored to the bottom, a fairly large (the total height of 25-60 cm, height above the water - 3-10 cm in diameter and 65 cm), usually it is made from sugar cane, not only dry but also green (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Nesting activity in Minusinsk Basin - the end of May, beginning of egg laying in Shirinskoy steppe - 27 May 1982, June 4, in 1979 the average number of eggs in laying - 4.6 (3 to 6) (Prokofiev, verbally . Posts.). Eggs matovo first-and-white, then becoming burovaty shade. Hatch chicks climb back to one of the parents, their other feeds. Adults are chicks back at least two weeks. In Khakassia chicks are beginning to appear in the III decade of June - 1 st half of July; in Shirinskoy steppe in 1979, the first vyvodki - July 1, the average number of chicks in vyvodke - 3.1 (1-4); successful reproduction - 67.4 % (Prokofiev, 1984). 
Nutrition. In contrast to the rest poganok, eat mostly small-scale fish 2,5-8 cm long (about 50% of feed sites), as well as aquatic insects, their larvae, molluscs, crustaceans and other aquatic invertebrates. The main method of food production - diving. Has long been believed that chomga brings harm to fish stocks, especially in intensive ryborazvedeniya. Special studies in the Volga river delta - an area of mass breeding of valuable fish and large chomg - showed that even in these circumstances, the magnitude of harmful activities chomgi negligible (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Number. For these little edge. SM Prokofiev calls chomgu usual nesting places kind of wild lakes and forest steppe of Khakassia (1987), indicating that the 1978-1985 biennium. its strength was relatively stable, the average number on the lakes Iyuso-Shirinskogo steppe districts - 2,9-5,8 animals at 1 km 2 of suitable land, there is at the August accounting for share chomgi accounted for 2.5% of all registered waterfowl (Prokofiev , 1984). In Nazarovskoy basin in the 1982-1983 biennium. chomgi size was 0.2 birds per 1 km 2 of suitable land, or an average of the western basin (Berezovsky plot) 0003 birds (Zhukov, Tertitskiy, 1984). References. |
