Field signs. Nekrupnaya duck motley white-blackish color. Weight 600-900 city in males subulate very long tail that keeps the bird floating high above the water. Flight fast, flies swarm heap and low over the water. Well nyryaet. On the water rises reluctantly and hard. Often kept in small flocks. Few care. Nasizhivayuschaya female bay person close. It is "shumlivaya" bird. Stai moryanok are "glib" by flocks of other ducks. Creek sounds as loud and hriplovatoe "A-Aue." Therefore, a popular name - "auleyka." Seleznev is tied to utkam and usually long fly away from the murdered companion. Ducks, in turn, is tied to the jack and young (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Mnogochislenny and typical species of ducks srednesibirskoy tundra, especially sub-typical tundra. For characterized by spontaneous uneven placement within range and the sharp annual fluctuations in numbers (Rogacheva, 1988).
The northern border nesting skirt the most sublime of the mountains Byrranga (related by the arctic desert zone), the Arctic Ocean and the northern tip of p-wah Taimyr. However, in the coastal Arctic tundra Taimyr it for nesting is not marked, but poslegnezdovoe time before departure, in a mass found throughout the Arctic coast (Martynov, 1983). According to survey data, moryanka nest and the Northern Land, in particular on the ve-Bolshevik (Rogacheva, 1988). The southern border range passes around the southern limit of forest-tundra. In the origins of the river. Upper Vilyuykan moryanka assigns numbers only turpanam and in the upper Vilyuya it anymore. In summer it is found in lakes from the southern predgory Putorana, in the central plateau, she dominates the nesting (Rogacheva, 1988). In typical tundra moryanka numerous and breeds literally at every suitable reservoir. In the valley of the river. AGAPE an average of 100 km 2 land dwelt 20-28 moryanok; during molts, they shoot down here in flocks of up to 50 or more birds. In the area of Norilsk, and even more so from the lake Hantayskogo it is rare breeds and sporadically through the open tundra landscape. At the Yenisey marked a rare nesting birds in a village typical of the forest. Nikolskoye (69 ° N) (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. In the area of Norilsk and Hantayskogo Lake moryanki first appear in spring - June 7, and the main span is up to the middle of the month. In a typical tundra lakes Purinskih first bird appear June 11-15. The massive passage begins after June 20, and accounts at the end of the month, and sometimes even the first of July, depending on the progress of spring. The massive arrival coincides with a period of intensive education zaberegov on the lakes. In spring moryanki fly flocks of 10-15 birds, but sometimes going for hundreds more. A lively behavior of males when they are shouting and fly by day and bright polar night, continuing all the first decade of July (Krechmar, 1966). Hatching chicks on the river. AGAPE - since mid-July. In early spring, young raised in the wing in late August, but usually - in the first half of September. Moryanki fly off just before the ice, in the second half of September. Fly gradual, rather undistinguished (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). The main wintering moryanok - in the North Atlantic and the sea coasts Far East. Where winter Taimyr birds - is unknown, but there is reason to suppose that the birds even with the East Taimyr fly to the west. In a small number, mainly in autumn, proletnye moryanki found in the taiga zone edge: known meeting under Eniseyskom, Turuhanskom, the Peace. At Vilyue moryanka - span a rare bird. There are indications summer residence moryanok on lakes north of the taiga zone in Central Siberia (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). We moryanka at the spring passage marked in Khakassia in the lake area. Bele. Reproduction. Gnezdyatsya moryanki sometimes from the water, often in small islands (especially if they have a colony of gulls and terns), sometimes a few hundred meters from shore. Jacks satisfied among shrub polar Eve and dwarf berezok and sometimes quite openly. The nest in a small yamke with the lining of dried plants by the end of the tray thick masonry lining in dark gray down. Masonry - 5-8, sometimes up to nine pale greenish or burovatyh eggs. By laying begin immediately after arrival. Leaving for feeding and leave the nest for 8-10 hours, covers duck eggs rest in peace. Males do not take any part in nasizhivanii and did not take care of vyvodke, although the first time, stick close to the nests (Krechmar, 1966). Nutrition. Moryanka - zhivotnoyadnaya duck. It feeds larvae of insects, C. finmarchicus, clams, fry. At the Taimyr early spring stomachs are filled with mosquito larvae-chironomids (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. According to A. Martynov (1983), population density moryanki maximum of tundra and forest Taimyr, especially the West. In typical tundra concentrated 42% of all nesting birds in the Arctic tundra - 29% in the forest - 19%, in extreme northern taiga - 9%. According to the author, the number of moryanki generally stable. Average for the period 1978-1981 biennium. - 1.6 million moryanok. References. |
