Field signs. It was well known to all fairly large bird (weight 670-740 g), completely black with a metallic luster (from the crow is smaller sizes and straight, not V-shaped tail end of the younger Grach indistinguishable). Creek - everyone knows thick croak, and in marriage between - have a special «Ca-ro-LoC ... Ca-ro-LoC ...». Smart and calculated the bird. When the risk becomes very cautious (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Normal, many birds, especially in areas developed by man. In the taiga zone away from the towns meets less frequently but always nest on the banks of major rivers. Some on the Yenisei the border between the two closest species of crows, until recently regarded as subspecies: black, with a range to the east of the Yenisei, and sulfur, common in Central and Eastern Europe and Western Siberia. On the Yenisei are hybrid forms that are mixed colors. At taezhnom Enisee black crows found in 10-20 times more often than gray; under the Krasnoyarsk gray even less in Minusinsk Basin are almost exclusively black ravens (Rogacheva, 1988). Occupies Central Siberia on its southern borders to the north, at least until the forest vegetation. In Sayan comes in the foothills on disbursed man parts, found in a small number of the lower reaches of major rivers and towns. In the highlands missing. In Minusinsk Basin usual, many (Prokofiev, 1987; Bezborodov, 1979). Breeds of riverine forests, forest landing in the steppes (here in the poplar planting up to 240 birds / km 2), the settlements. On the steppe areas with livestock farming rarely (Rogacheva, 1988). In the whole taiga zone crow's nest on major rivers (with a greater density around the towns) and agricultural land. By Yenisei nesting populations in the southern taiga (59-60 ° N) in the coastal forests on the fringe of the villages on the outskirts of floodplain meadows and lakes - 5-10 individuals / km 2 in August during kochevok on meadows - 10 , In the townships - to 71 individuals / km 2 (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the middle of the taiga Peace black crow usually on the passage and kochevkah, but nesting is rare: in the vicinity of the village at a relatively constant ground nest annually 2-3 pairs. The Peace is not a crow winters, but in large srednetaezhnyh towns, where there is landfill, pomojki, Animal Farm and zverofermy, some birds may remain in the winter. At srednetaezhnom Enisee number of nesting crows has increased from 50-ies. Where is the first zverofermy. In eniseyskoy northern taiga crow still usually at nesting on the Yenisei (1-3 individuals / km 2), but away from it hardly meets (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In eniseyskoy forest (68-69 ° N) for nesting is rare, less usual; nests satisfied mainly in the flood plain on the Yenisei ivah; 2 nd half of July, during kochevok becomes normal in the townships (Rogacheva, etc. , 1983). At the beginning of XX century. black crow was distributed on Yenisei to the north just before the village. Plahino (68 ° N) (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). Rare, but nest in the forest at the upper river. Turuhan (66 ° 45 'N) (Rogacheva et al, 1987). In the mountains Putorana occasionally nest at the lake Hantayskogo (Syroechkovsky, 1961); elsewhere in the South-West Taimyr marked zalety, nesting is not proved (Krechmar, 1966; Zyryanov, Larin, 1983). In the northern eniseyskoy forest-tundra from Dudinka (69 ° 30 'N) VN Skalon (Scalon, 1938) saw 31 Aug, 1932 vyvodka two black crows. In Evenkia black crow Usually relatively large towns on Podkamennoy Tunguska and Lower Tunguska downstream to the village. Tura (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. While the crow - the usual bird, on its little phenology. Under the Krasnoyarsk with vypadeniem snow crows move to the outskirts of the city landfill, and in the spring razletayutsya more. Most nesting on the islands Yenisei. At the beginning of the third decade of April, they have a full clutch, by mid-May, the young output, and in early June, leaving the nest (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Biotopy extremely varied, but continuous taiga and large arrays marshes avoided. In the taiga selitsya on the banks of reservoirs, cutting, meadows, garyam. In many places - almost a complete Peking Man. The nest is usually high in a tree with a fork in the trunk of bars, litter within a few centimeters thick of wool, cotton, rags, feathers. Kladka - 4-5 eggs, rarely 6, greenish-blue with brown krapom (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980 ). Nutrition. Omnivorous. Mostly damages, destroyed the nest hunting and useful birds. Eat all kinds of small animals, carrion, offal, plants (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
