Field signs. Most of the small river ducks (weight from 200 to 450 grams). The head of the Seleznyov brown with a broad green stripe around the edges, goiter ohristy with black spotted. Mirror wing brilliantly green to black. From kloktuna and treskunka distinct lack of yellow or white spots on their heads, the females treskunka mirror greenish-gray, without shine. The bird is not shy. Flight lightweight, quiet, very fast. Easy as a butterfly, and takes off vertically from the water and land. Voice Seleznev - a short, jerky and low whistle, the females - saw soft quack (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. The number gradually diminished to the north, but like many ducks, reaching far to the north, abundant in water and diluted the northern taiga is formed on improving strength. In the area of Norilsk Lakes nemnogochislen or rare. In the forest is very rare. Comes in the tundra, but not the north sub-bush tundra. At the Yenisey under 69 ° N Not rare yet, but Brehovskih north of the islands do not nest. In pure tundra svistunka to Enisee not (Rogacheva, 1988). There is an indication of the nesting on the lake. Taimyr (Isakov, 1952), but it is not confirmed. Thus, it confirms the view AV Krechmara (1966) that the West Taimyr range svistunka fully coincides with the spread of the northern river ducks - Teal (Rogacheva, 1988).
North nested range svistunok repeatedly met at the Taimyr, mainly during the spring migration: in the vicinity of Dixon, the Ust-Tarei, on the rivers Pit-Taride, Bikade, Lower Taimyr and others (Vronsky, 1986; Tugarinov, Tolmachev, 1934; Sdobnikov , 1959; Vinokurov, 1971; Matyushenkov, 1979,1983; Dear, Kokorev, 1981; Rogacheva, 1988). Mallard - the largest duck river basin. Syma. Occupies a variety of water as poymennogo complex, and watershed areas (Savchenko et al, 2001). Habitats. Preferred nest habitat - small taiga ponds, often quite small rich forests, streams and even puddles (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. Priletaet latest major river ducks. At the Angara (b. Chadobets) The first bird appeared on 30 April, massive passage 17-20 May. It marked a very strong migration (Reymers, 1966). At Norilsk Lake svistunki priletayut later than other river ducks: the first birds from 5-8 June, the massive arrival - 10-20 June (Krechmar, 1966). At the Yenisey, the Peace and Bahte repeatedly mined svistunki, Okol'covannaja in Bombay (India) (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). At Eniseyskoy plain appears in large numbers in the second half of May. The massive passage svistunkov took place from 12 to 25 May (1997) and from 17 to 24 May (1998). At staritsah forest and lakes of their density in those days reached 513 specimens of 10 km of coastline. In the Yenisei flood plain at the beginning of June svistunka density was 4.1 individuals per 10 km. During the formation of predotletnyh concentrations in August kept in floodplains. On river Syma, Casa, Keti distributed fairly evenly. However, the best for Chirka-svistunka lands are monovidovye accumulations of up to 100 or more species. The autumn migration of species is well expressed. In the second half of September 1996 on Starichnaya lake district. Syma density of species was 410 specimens of 10 km of coastline. Eniseyskuyu plain Chirkov leave in early October. In the second half of September 1997 from the river. Momokty svistunki up to 21.0% of all ducks with a density of 5-10 individuals at 10 km. At that time, Chirkov kept mostly to Starichnaya lakes and swamps with lots of open water. The autumn migration svistunkov, like most ducks Eniseyskoy plains, is a south-westerly direction that reflects the meeting Okol'covannaja birds and optical observations. In this regard, it is sufficient to point to separateness Chirkov left Yenisei and in particular Eniseyskoy plains (Savchenko et al, 2001). For example, from 3824 returns rings Chirkov, Okol'covannaja in Eurasia west of the river. Yenisei and 78 o E in South Asia, only one received in the 600 km east of Yenisei (Sapetina et al, 1997). Reproduction. Jacks Chirkov well covered, with a large number of Pooh. Immure 8-11 slightly yellowish egg size 45h30 mm. Hatching chicks under Norilsk in the second decade of July. In late August, the young begin to fly. Autumn passage here - 5-15 September, the last birds met on 26 September (Krechmar, 1966). Nutrition. In the food is dominated by animal feed: shellfish, mosquito larvae, aquatic insects (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. The largest duck province. Widely occupies all kinds of plains and mountain reservoirs, including temporary. In the mountains svistunok far exceeds the number of the remaining species of ducks (Martynov, 1983). The maximum population density svistunka typical for the left Yenisei taiga, Priangarya and between the Angara and Podkamennoy Tunguska, as well as Moyero-Kotuyskogo between the (Rogacheva, 1988). According to AS Martynov (1983), in the taiga zone centered 80% of all svistunkov in podtayge - 14% in the forest - 4%, in the bush tundra and steppe - to 1%. Average Chirka-svistunka in the Krasnoyarsk region, according to AS Martynov stood at the fall of 1979-1981 biennium. 1.9 million Number of shrinking, but slower than that of most other ducks. Apparently, Mallard due to some peculiarities of its ecology moves better human development area (Rogacheva, 1988). In the southern region (Region 41), according to the latest data, home to 195-350 thousand Chirkov-svistunkov, of which at least 50% were plain Yenisei (Savchenko et al, 2001). References. |
