Field signs. Pesochnik average value of starlings. The main character in the marriage operenii - a large black spot on the belly, and at this time to confuse him or with whom it is not possible. Legs are black. On top of the flying birds readily visible white stripe along the wing. Podkrylya white, slightly darker at the ends. Male and female are weak and not very reliable: the female with a gray fox is pestrinami zasheyke tone, the same as the shapochke, and the male the site of feathers usually does not have ryzhih tones. Females more dlinnoklyuvy. Adults in the winter are gray, black abdomen not differ from krasnozobikov in the winter over the presence of dark bands along nadhvostya, less camber beak. Young birds, gray fox, the abdomen is thickening dark pestrin, unlike other small sandpipers. In flight, they should be distinguished from similar young krasnozobikov on a dark longitudinal band on nadhvoste around Mallard looked more stocky, with shorter legs and beak. Weight 35-70 g, 17-22 cm in length, wing 10,9-12,3 cm , The magnitude of 35-40 cm (Ryabitsev, 2001). The voice - loud murmur trill, which is published as a male or female. It consists of male current song, sounding as energetic "virr-virr-viirrrrrrr." At that time, the male usually in rapid flight flies low over the ground. Or is it measured repeating the "vir-virrr, vir-virrr ...", hang at a height of 20-50 meters, alternating series of quick sweep with short planning, and this tokovanie can last very long. Often these same trills performs on the ground. When you publish a stew of different length fragments of the same trills. Short trelkami "tyurr, tyurr ..." overlap in flocks (Ryabitsev, 2001).  Distribution. Tundrovy krugopolyarny Kulik. At the Taimyr occupies the entire sub-typical tundra, occasionally going to nesting in the arctic tundra (Dixon, Mount Byrranga), as well as visiting them during kochevok. The northern limits of nesting - 75 o 30 'N, south uncertain: probably not south of 70 o N (Rogacheva, 1988).
Habitats. Inhabit very different habitats in the tundra, but most willingly - plain melkokochkarnye tundra average wetting (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Data on phenology little. In peace Mallard fly in spring every year, but in small numbers, the gaggle of other sandpipers (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). The Lake. Queta dunlin - a massive span bird often flies along with krasnozobikom. Birds appear here in early June, mass transit - until about mid-June (Krechmar, 1966). The full stack - in the third decade of June, hatching chicks - in early July, at the north - in mid-July. By the end of July, the young begin to fly. Immediately thereafter, on the northern Taimyr in the first of August, Mallard beginning kochevat to the south and by early September of tundra izchezayut. Under the Krasnoyarsk proletnye Mallard appear in early September and hold on to the end of the month (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Nest often placed among sedgy or pushitsy, where it is well hidden. Lining abundance of obryvkov grass, leaves Eve last year, Berezki and other masonry, usually from 4 eggs. Their color-colored, ohristaya, light brown, with big brown and brown spots of different shape and density. The size of eggs 32-40 x 23-28 mm. Nasizhivayut male and female in turn. In the cluster behavior of large individual differences. Some birds can bay person close and take off in two or three steps is to move away a little bit - and a bird, barely hiding, returned to laying. Others could not be reached for the box and hard to track - they are so careful. Most of the time Mallard discreetly leave the nest and meet human disturbing trills, standing in storonke. At the end of nasizhivaniya sit more tightly close at bay, and then challenged otbegaya in crooked posture ( "Escaping animal") or portray ranenuyu bird. D duration nasizhivaniya 21-23 days. If you ruin the nest predator, may make re-close, or uletev to a new location. A few days after hatching chicks (is that even before hatching) female fly away, and the leading male brood about two weeks before the recovery in the wing or left it before, and then the chicks grow independently (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Eat insects and their larvae, crustaceans, small shellfish (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. The biggest strength and solid proliferation of reach in the southern and middle parts of sub-typical tundra (typical gemiarkt). The overall pattern of reducing the number of Mallard to the northern border subzone typical tundra unquestionable (Rogacheva, 1988). References. |
