Field signs. Major duck (mass 1,0-1,5 kg) characteristic of diverse colors: the mostly white background are a black head and red-brown sling across the chest. Red beak, a male with a bulging forehead. Swims well, nyryayut only chicks. Flies in silence. At passage flies great flocks, wedge or deployed voice. Voice - recess, soft quack like «eider-Ga», spring from the male whistling like «vhi-oo» or «tsvie-tsvie» (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. Yuzhnosibirsky Euro-steppe species. Within the administrative boundaries of the edge most often occurs on nesting and during seasonal migrations in the upper river. Serguei, in small brackish lakes in the vicinity of the White Lakes, Great Kosogol, Uchum, Salbat, Intikol, Tolstoy cape. As a rare bird found in the waters Sharypovskogo (Prokofiev, 1990) and Nazarovskogo areas. Sometimes found in open waters in the flood plains of rivers Yenisei, Chulyma, Serguei. On the right peganka regularly displays chicks in an area lake. Tagarskoe and lower reaches of the river. Tubes, found in Sydinskom Gulf of Krasnoyarsk reservoir and the small artificial reservoirs in the river between Sydy and Tubes, but nesting is not proven (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
Periodic meetings of individual birds and small groups peganok recorded by the city of Krasnoyarsk in 1980-1990's. In spring 1997 peganka zagnezdilas to Myasokombinatovskih ponds in the vicinity of the city (in mid-June found brood) and the sewage ponds town Sosnovoborska. Zalety known in Kanskuyu hollow, the river. Angara, and even to the city Turuhanska (Martynov, 1983). In Khakassia breeds mostly in Salt Lakes South Minusinsk, Chulymo-Eniseyskoy hollows (Prokofiev, 1977). The largest remaining pockets of nesting - Koybalskaya, Uybatskaya and Shirinskaya steppe (Tracts «Trehozerki», «Sorokaozerki», Lake Kurinka, Ulug-Kohl, Tus) (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Habitats. Occupies the coast of mostly saline or brackish-water, less fresh water, usually with sandy beaches and rocky talus, which are convenient for the device standards (Isakov, 1952). Phenology. Spring migration peganki clearly expressed. The first bird appeared in mid-April. Stable their passage was in late April - early May. During the passage of a small number of birds observed on the Yenisei from the town Krasnojarsk. By nesting begin early, usually in the first decade of May. Birds living under the city Krasnoyarsk, are beginning to nest early in the second desyatidnevki May. The first vyvodki seen since mid-June, the last brood puhovikov met on August 7 in vyvodke from 4 to 12 chicks (Prokofiev, 1984a). Autumn passage expressed weakly. Much of the birds left the breeding areas prior to the opening of the autumn hunting, which is already in August. At the same time, finally fly off peganok group, apparently consisting of late vyvodkov, for the first decade of October. At some lakes in southern Khakassia (Trehozerki, Kurinka, Ulug-Kohl) are known concentrations peganok before departure to molt, which accumulates in early June, several hundred apparently not involved in breeding birds. Fly off to molt likely in Kazakhstan. Living in the province tend to wintering birds, located in South Asia (India, Pakistan) (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Jacks peganka suits usually in burrows, often up to 3-4 meters (used by the old holes, mainly foxes). There may be a nest in the cleft of stones in the coastal cliff, the ruins, sometimes simply on the ground, among the reed beds or solyanok. In Khakassia of 4 found nests, one was in a rock crevice at the earth's surface, 2 - in burrows, dug out in obryvistyh sandy shores of lakes, and 1 - in the old lisey earth (Prokofiev, 1990). Jacks, richly vystlannye down, there are up to a distance of 1 km of water. In laying 8-10 eggs cream-white. Due to lack of standards sometimes in a nest egg set aside a few females, so that it can accumulate up to 50 eggs (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Nutrition. Peganka - mostly zhivotnoyadnaya duck. The main food - crustaceans, larval insects. In winter, large share of vegetation (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).  The number of peganki in the province until recently was unknown. The main area of habitat in Khakassia, according to the SM Prokofiev (1977, 1984a, 1988, 1990), peganka have recently been regular bird Prairie Lakes Minusinsk depression in 1960-1970's, its numbers have dropped dramatically. According to AS Martynov (1983), in the late 1970's - early 1980's, the number of peganki was very stable, albeit low. He estimated that the total number of autumn in the province (including Hakasiyu) is equivalent to about 900 birds, the most important hotbed of breeding, he believes Koybalskuyu steppe, where Lukyanovskih lakes in May 1980 he met while 167 peganok (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
 In the north of Khakassia peganka has become quite normal, breeds mostly in lakes Shirinskoy steppes, where its size is equal to an average of 3.7 (2,0-5,7) birds per km 2, but on separate pools and can reach 20 individuals per square kilometer 2 suitable land (Prokofiev, 1984a). By the early 1990's strength peganki reached 2.5 thousand individuals (Savchenko et al, 1993). In the Krasnoyarsk region as a result of long-term ban on the kind of shooting numbers have stabilized and in the 1990's had its growth. Birds began to appear in the territories outside the established range. In Chulymo-Eniseyskoy Basin at Lake. Intikol in the 1980's, we noted no more than 2-5 couples in the 1995-1999 biennium. at the spring passage has been taken into account to 50 and more peganok. Nazarovskoy In the valley, near the Great Lakes and White Kosogol in 1987 had 4 specimens, in 1997, ibid saw 25, while in 1998-1999. No fewer than 100 of these birds. On the right of the lake. Tagarskoe in mid-August 1997 was included 50 individuals. Peganka kept on the islands of the river. Tubes east to the village. Kuragin. In August - early September in Tubinskom Bay and near the upper stand of Krasnoyarsk reservoir became conventional flocks peganok 10-15, and sometimes more birds. Under the town Krasnojarsk (in the Krasnoyarsk forest), the number of peganki low and is a few dozen pairs. Currently, the Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia home to at least 4.5 thousand peganok (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
Limiting factors. In addition to hunting and poisoning of birds pesticides that were used to fight ground squirrel, a negative impact on the number of peganki provided intensive livestock: cattle grazing, predation pastushih dogs. The increase in livestock stenotopnogo this type in recent years, apparently due to the decline of modern animal husbandry in the region (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
