Field signs. Nyrkovaya duck medium-sized (700-900), the resignation of dense. At the head toupee. Beak and legs gray, yellow eyes. A flying bird is visible white bottom. Well nyryaet is under water 30-40 seconds. Takes off badly. Flight fast and noisy. Voice Seleznev - quiet, it is difficult to transmit, such as "glyu-glyu", the females - gross and thick quack. From the marine black is black backs and Khokhlov, female - the lack of broad white ring at the base of the beak (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Nyrkovyh most common of the ducks in Central Siberia. Widespread everywhere in the taiga zone, usually in the south, where its strength Gogola roughly equal numbers. Prefers valleys of large rivers and lakes. Away from them in Minusinsk Basin is rare (Rogacheva, 1988). The normal form of nesting hollows intermountain West Sayan (Baikal, Laptsenak, 1996). At the Yenisey usually in the middle and numerous in the northern taiga. Here is one of the dominant ducks. Large and deep forest lakes in the far north taiga close Angutihi cristate black - the most numerous duck (up to 50% of meetings) (Rogacheva, 1988). Mnogochislennaya nyrkovaya duck river basins Syma, Katy, Kem (Savchenko et al, 2001). At Norilsk lakes in the extreme northern taiga more usual in the forest at the beginning of Pyasiny it has not (Krechmar, 1966). At the Yenisey in the forest usual, he enters the flood plain and in the southern sub-bush tundra, which was traced to the village. Low Heta (69 ° 40 'with. Rd.) (Rogacheva et al, 1983; Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981). A. J. Tugarinov (1941) refers to her dwelling to the north to the village. Sock (70 ° 10 'N), but in 1978 ES Ravkin it is not found. At the Yenisey in Turuhanskom and Igarskom areas cristate black in the production of hunters took fourth place after Chirka-svistunka, pintail and sviyazi (Rogacheva, 1988).
Phenology. Cherneti constituting the bulk of the so-called "black duck", priletayut later river ducks in Turuhanskom area in late May. In the area of Norilsk Lakes arrival comes with 4-5 on June 10-13. In the area of Norilsk clutch begins June 24-25, in Turuhanskom area - for 10 days earlier. Young raised on the wing too late: the Norilsk lakes massive rise 5-10 September, Turuhanskom area - at the end of August. In this regard, at the opening of the autumn hunting all young people remains hlopuntsami, which destroy unscrupulous hunters and hounds. Fly very late, at the end of September - October in the northern region (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Habitats. Chernet adheres to a variety of lake water in the flood plains of rivers and watersheds. Prefers water Starichnaya type, flood plain lake, floodplain fens and the lower part of rivers priustevye (Savchenko et al, 2001). Reproduction. Couples are still in the wintering. For nesting choose large lakes. The nest is always close to the water, sometimes on the islands and splavinah. In laying 7-12 dirty-olive eggs (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Nutrition. Zhivotnoyadnaya duck. Pitaetsya shellfish, insect larvae, crustaceans, small fish. For food at nyryaet depth of 3-4 meters, a maximum of 12-14 meters (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. According to AS Martynov (1983), cristate black missing in the northern mountains Putorana, and on the south edge might not nest in the center (not foothill) of the Minusinsk depression. Localities maximum density of nesting species are in the plains severotaezhnom left in the upper Yenisei and some rivers Evenkia. In severotaezhnyh habitats concentrated 65% of species in yuzhnotaezhnyh - 30%, highly-severotaezhnyh - 4%. At the southern edge compared with observations made at the beginning of the century, the number of black cristate decreased significantly, in the north it is stable. Autumn strength in the province on average for the 1978-1981 biennium. (data modeling) - 444 thousand birds (Martynov, 1983). According to the latest data, in the south of Krasnoyarsk region (41 district) nest 93 thousand black. Stocks, taking into account the migratory birds account for 190 thousand individuals, of which Eniseyskoy plain focus of at least 44% of these birds and 19.2% of the proportion living in Krasnoyarsk region and Khakassia (Savchenko et al, 2001). References. |
