Field signs. Major bird (weight 2,5-3,3 kg). At the throat black. Spina black with bright white side stripes. Belly white. The head and upper neck ash-gray. On the sides of the neck and zobe white strip. Flight fast, direct, little maneuver. Takeoff needed to run, so avoids the small bodies of water. On the ground moves very poorly. Voice - vocal, audible far, stonuschy Creek "ku-ku Kouakou, ku-ku Kouakou." In the summer issue gogochuschy loud cry - "ha-ha-ha-ha-ha", with waves - karkayuschy Creek (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Holarctic tundra-forest species. The most ordinary of the diver, nesting on medium and large lakes. There is a widespread from northern borders typical sub-tundra (73-74 ° N) in the Taimyr south to Forest Lakes Sayan and Minusinsk depression. Zonal optimum is, perhaps, in extreme northern taiga and the forest, north and south nesting numbers declining. In a typical northern taiga and medium rare, but occur continuously, south of Unit (Rogacheva, 1988). The number of nesting sites on the floodplain forest-tundra eniseyskoy 2-7 birds / km 2 in the subzone bush tundra East Taimyr - 2,9-4,6 (Chupin, 1987). In Khakassia in the past been widely Jacks on large lakes as the mountain taiga and mountainous, and steppe zones (Sushkin, 1914). There are currently rare nesting birds grassland and highland lakes. In the cluster period, birds and multiply pair met in the floodplain lakes in rivers big and small Abakan (Lake Beduyskoe, Ayanskoe) Karatosha and Ona (vysogorny belts and taiga West Sayan), at Lake. Fish (alpine zone Kuznetsk Alatau) (Gavrilov, 1991; Prokofiev, 1993). In adjacent areas of Krasnoyarsk Krai chernozobye Diver marked on Oyskom, Buybinskom, Black and other lakes in the axial part of the West Sayan, as well as within Gagulskih Mozharskih and lake systems. Typical birds mountain taiga lakes «Sayano-Shushenskogo» Reserve (Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985; Prokofiev, 1987). During migrations are sometimes found in large lakes Shirinskoy steppes and Saragashskom Gulf of Krasnoyarsk reservoir (Anyushin et al, 2004). Habitats. Naselyaet lake-wetland area and large floodplain rivers taiga, tundra and partly lesotundrovoy zones. Gnezditsya on steppe lakes, reservoirs in the mountainous zone (Anyushin et al, 2004)  Reproduction. Unlike the Red-throated Diver, on small lakes is not solid. Prefers the larger ponds, but in open plesah not selitsya, as waves can damage the nest. Gross arriving at Norilsk lakes in the middle of June. Masonry in late June - early July of two or three eggs, like eggs, Red-throated Diver, but larger. Fly on the Taimyr - in the second half of September (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).
Nutrition. Feeds fish and some aquatic invertebrates. Under the water can swim up to 80-100 meters (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. In the south central Siberia generally very rare. At lakes Western Sayan size varies within 0,30-0,60 animals at 10 km shoreline of lakes (Gavrilov, 1999; Savchenko et al, 2001). On the territory of «Sayano-Shushenskogo» Reserve normal view of rivers and mountain reservoirs Prieniseyskoy of the West Sayan (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). Steppe on Lake of Khakassia is rare and occurs in a single migration periods. A significant role in reducing size plays a factor of anxiety caused by the intense development of the mountain taiga and mountainous zones tourists, fishermen. In the recent past, an indirect negative factor was the impact of livestock otgonnogo (Anyushin et al, 2004). Measures of protection. Type in the Red Book of the Altai Republic and the Annex to the Red Data Book of Krasnoyarsk Krai. Special protection measures are not developed. Individual protected nesting on the territory «Sayano-Shushenskogo» reserve and the reserve «Khakas». Hunting is prohibited in Khakassia. Greater awareness from tourists and fishermen, to organize several mikrozakaznikov in nesting in the upper rivers of the Greater and Lesser Abakan (West Sayan), as well as the origins of White and Black Iyusa (Kuznetsk Alatau) (Anyushin et al, 2004) References. |
