Field signs. The big goose (mass 3,5-4,5 kg). Coloring dust-brown, white belly. From gray goose is two-beak (black with orange sling), the dark color of head and neck and overall darker in color. Good swims and nyryaet. Voice in flight - dissyllable recurring cackle. Wrathful birds shipyat. Very careful (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. Tundrovye Bean (A. f. fabalis Latham, 1787) do not nest in the area of polar desert and much of the Arctic tundra Taimyr (Rogacheva, 1988). On the northern coast of Taimyr Peninsula breeding Bean goes, apparently, on the Lower Valley Taimyr (Sdobnikov, 1959). In the taiga zone Tundra Bean probably did not go far (Rogacheva, 1988). Siberian taiga Bean (A. f. middendorffii Severtzov, 1873) is widely occupies taiga zone Prieniseyskoy and Eastern Siberia (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). The southern border of the modern spread of passes on the Angara River watershed, Big Pit and the river. Podkamenaya Tunguska (Rogachova, 1992; Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Separated by population group remained in the Sayan mountain system (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
Yes. Sayan group. In the early twentieth century. This goose was the usual type of water Altai-Sayan mountain country (Tugarinov, 1915, 1916, 1927; Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911; Sushkin, 1914, 1938; Shukhov, 1925). In 1930-1940's Siberian taiga Bean still quite frequently in the basin of the Upper Yenisei, but the flood plains of major rivers geese have been pushed out by man. For information about the presence of Bean in the West Sayan Mountains and the surrounding areas are shown in a number of publications Siberian zoologist (Folitarek, Dementyev, 1938; Yanushevich, Yurlov, 1950; Yanushevich, 1952). In 1950, 1960's of the adult birds and vyvodki were met by the river. Kazyru in the area of Upper Kitatskogo and Bazybayskogo thresholds, as well as in small lakes on the ridge Kryzhina (Kim, 1961, 1991). In the basin of the river. Kizira geese in significant numbers registered on the rivers prone and Shinde. In other parts of the East Sayan they were at the border of the forest on the upper-Manskih, Pezinskih, Upper-American lakes and rivers Agulu and Kungusu. By the early 1970's to waters of East Sayan taiga Bean have been very rare birds. In the West Sayan small number of birds fragmented Jacks on some reservoirs on the floodplain of Upper Yenisei, and possibly in Gagulskoy basin. The relatively long Bean was in the river basin. Amyl (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). On the eve of the 1980-1990's formed the current round range Bean in Sayan mountain country, which has become a isolated settlements. There are currently known to no more than two dozen places where noted summer residence (nesting, molting) taiga Bean. The first is the average over the river Amyl, Shadat and Tyuhtet, including Tyuhtetskoe and Shadatskoe swamps (Emelyanov et al, 1995; Emelyanov, Savchenko, 1996; Savchenko, 1996; Savchenko, Emelyanov, 1998; Stepanov et al, 1996; Gavrilov , Zaretsky, 1996), several wetland sites on the rivers and Kandat Kop. In the floodplain r.Kazyra in the last 10-20 years there were no geese. In the Upper Basin tributaries Kazyra single pair of geese with vyvodkami met on the Katun River, Low Kishta, Dergushka, as well as reservoirs in the upper river. Thu. In the basin of the river. Kisiri rare nesting known taiga Bean Rivers Shinda, prostrate, and Tumna Kinzelyuk. At the adjacent territories of the Siberian taiga Bean remained in the upper river Abakan (Khakassia), Hemchika, in rivers Large (By Khem) and Small (Ka-Hem) Yenisei (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). b.. Angara-tungusskaya group. Is relatively isolated, peripheral part of a larger Evenki population. In summary «Birds of the Soviet Union» (Ptushenko, 1952) indicates these geese nesting in the upper river. Podkamenaya Tunguska (Koshkin, 1962). Meanwhile, in late 1950 - early 1960's taiga Bean was found at nesting everywhere in the basin of the river. Podkamenaya Tunguska (Syroechkovsky, 1959), as well as the right tributary of Lower Angara. In Zaangare taiga Bean isolated pairs of Jacks on large moss and riverine marshes in the basin of the river. Heaters and in the upper river. Big Pit (Reymers, 1966; Syroechkovsky et al, 1978). At the tributaries of the river. Podkamennaya Tunguska during the summer taiga Bean in a few meetings on the rivers Velmo, Chapa, Chingasan, Korda, Vayvida and swamps in the lower reaches of the river. Thea. Nesting on the channel and floodplain of the river, apparently, has long disappeared. In the middle basin of the river. Podkamenaya Tunguska this goose nest scattered on the watershed Swamp (Sobinskoe, Ayan) and flood plain areas tributaries - the rivers Oskoba, Soba and the Taiga. On the right of Central Angara rare nesting pair of geese observed in the basin of the river. Chadobets and in the upper river. Irkineeva (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). In the left-bank of the river. Angara Bean saw in the summer on the rivers Moore's Educhanka and (in close proximity to the borders of the edge) (Melnikov, Tolchin, 1993). Have been known to the summer residence of geese in the basin of the river. Lie in wait. In 1970 - the early 1980's, taiga Bean slot in the lower reaches of the river. Abana and the surrounding swamps (R. Usolka) (Emelyanov et al, 1996). By mid-1990's Bean virtually disappeared from the Kamenka River Basin and Gorbilok. Single pair of taiga Bean still occur in the upper river Veduga and Chirimba (Pool district. Big Pit). At right tributary middle district. Angara these birds in a small number remain in the upper and middle stream of rivers Koda and Chadobets (Emelyanov et al, 1996). The only nesting area on the left bank of the river. Angara remained difficult basin upstream river. Mury, located in the Irkutsk region (Melnikov, Tolchin, 1993). Habitats. During the nesting birds Sayan group observed only at altitudes of up to 2 thousand meters above sea level (Baranov, 1991), letuyuschie and linnye can meet at reservoirs located above. Ideal habitat conditions are on zabolochennym valleys of mountain rivers with lakes. Gusi Angara-Tungus groups live mostly in the priruslovyh wetlands and the vast low-lying swamps and verhovyh often zarosshih dwarf shrubs (maryah) (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. In Sayanah to the breeding sites of the first birds priletayut quite early, usually in early April. In the years from early spring in the area of swamps Tyuhtetskih geese observed March 30-31. Span the Siberian taiga Bean expressed little priletayut birds nesting in small groups. In Priangare arriving early birds occurs only at the end of the second - the beginning of the third decade of April. Span is taking place at the end of April - in May, sometimes delaying the start until the third decade of May (Emelyanov et al, 1996). By nesting geese Sayan factions starting in late April - early May, and the Angara-Tungus - in May (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). A distinctive feature of taiga Bean is that during molts and driving vyvodkov geese are keeping family groups, are not in large flocks (Ptushenko, 1952). At the same time, in areas where settlements and feeding they form flocks of up to 90 or more individuals. Notable Education predotletnogo congestion Sayan group is Tyuhtetskoe swamp, where in the second half of August in the 1989-1995 biennium. account of 100-150, and in recent years to 200 Bean (Emelyanov et al, 1995; Savchenko, 1996). Big Bird Angara-Tungus groups are not known. Smaller concentrations (20-50 animals) are marked on the shelf Kezhemskogo mnogoostrovya and marshes near Lake. Okean (R. Koda). Areas nesting birds leave the 10-20 September. Autumn migration taiga Bean is not expressed, some birds may occur in October, after the passage of tundra forms. In the field of stops in Khakassia (tract «Trehozerki») proletnye flocks of the subspecies met until mid-October. Zimovki Sayan, the Angara-Tungus population groups, it seems, are located in East China (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Masonry consists of 5-7 white, slightly yellowish eggs (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Nasizhivaet female, the incubation period - 27-29 days. A bird populations Sayan chicks appear in mid-June, from geese Angara-Tungus population groups - at the end of June, in July. The area Tyuhtetskogo and Shadatskogo marshes mean dimension vyvodka in August 1991 was 4,7 (n = 9), in 1992 - 4,0 (n = 7), 1995 - 4,2 (n = 5), in 1997 - 4,5 (n = 15) (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).      Nutrition. Basically, grass-like plants: spring is dominated by Equisetum summer - pushitsa, sedge, Equisetum; fall readily eat Blueberries. During the passage often feed on ubrannyh fields and green (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Number. The number of taiga Bean in the range distributed very unevenly. Assessment of this subspecies presented to the edge in the 1970-1980 biennium. Ranged from 15.0 to 60.0 thousand individuals and reflects the general trend of rapid decline in the number of birds (Rogacheva, 1988; Rogachova, 1992; Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995; Martynov, 1983, 1984). Modern strength taiga Bean living Prieniseyskuyu Siberia and the border regions of Irkutsk, Kemerovo region and the western part of Buryatia, is 17,0-20, 0 thousand individuals. Livestock Sajan (mountain) population is estimated at 1,5-2,0 thousand copies of them in a 250-320 edge inhabit animals. In the 1970-1980 biennium. this group has declined rapidly in the late 1990's there is some stabilization. The number of the Angara-Tungus groups estimated by us in 3,0-4,0 thousands of geese, of which 200-300 lives in Krasnoyarsk Priangare, 1,5-2 , 0 thousands of birds - in Evenkia, several hundred geese - in the North-Eniseyskom an area about 1 thousand birds - on Irkutskregion contiguous territory (Emelyanov, Savchenko, 1999; Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Limiting factors. The most important reasons for the downsizing of the taiga Bean were brakonerskaya production and destruction of nests on the territory of the province, heavy destruction on wintering birds. At nesting geese are still being mined in any season and at every opportunity, including shooting linnyh birds and young podletkov. In the migration periods in podtaezhnoy and steppe zones of formal hunting more streamlined, but a limited number of suitable places stop geese and the lack of reliable protection hunting lodge press very significant limiting factor. At the state bird Angara-Tungus groups have a negative impact of intensive exploration and development of oil fields, fires, poaching, the factors of concern, including the unsupervised use of malomernogo Navy (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
