 Field signs. Melkaya birdie (weight 12-14 grams). Male yellow-green cap, the spot under the beak, wings and tail black. Abdomen white. At the tail and wings are yellow stripes. Beak short and sharp. Female and young white and gray-zelenovatye, with small longitudinal pestrinami. Creek - calls "tiilli-liii." Song - treskuchaya and schebechuschaya patter, quite varied. At the core of its sounds are: "tsivi-Tiv-tsivi-Tiv-keee. The last syllable songs stretched and hriplovat. Chizhi well live in captivity. In nature, fly thick gaggle of quiet chatter, short chirp and calls pozyvkami like: "Pill-FDI". Flight saltatory, wavy (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).
Distribution. Bird and the mixed southern boreal forests of Europe and the Far East with insufficient clarify and perhaps volatile border range (Stepanyan, 1978). In recent decades, probably is chizha resettlement in the western and eastern fronts, and the gap between western and eastern parts of the range gradually cross-cutting. TN Gagina (1968) noted that siskin spread (east) to the middle district. Irkut. Another PP Sushkina (1914) pointed chizha as a very rare species Minusinsk depression (heard the song in the pine-fir forest at Mozharskogo transportation). There has been TA Kim and S. Prokofiev (1973). Since then, his numbers are slightly increased. Slot in the belt of pine borah basin, winters here (Prokofiev, 1987). In the Sayano-Shushenskoye Reserve (West Sayan) discovered as a rare nesting birds in mixed forests in river valleys (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In the basin of the river. Big Ury found normal (2 specimens / km 2) in lowland forests dominated by spruce and in the highlands kedrovnikah and rare (0.6 species / km 2) in the slope cedar-larch forests (Prokofiev, 1987a). Bezborodov VI (1974) found chizha in riverine forests in the lower reaches of the river. Constitution. We observed single chizhey (for voice and visual) in the valley of the river. Constitution, at the bottom of the Usinskoy basin. In East Sayan Mountains since 1968 has been found in priruchevoy and riverine dark taiga in the basins and Many Bazaihi (Bezborodov, 1971,1974). In the forest and riverine forests podtayge adheres to elyu. There mainly in the eastern part: the river flood plain. Aban of the village. Maslov Dzerzhinsky district (Bezborodov, 1974) and birch chopping from the river. Floodplain (2 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). Under the Krasnoyarsk at the art. Kacha common, but mostly in autumn and spring (Rogacheva, 1988). There we, as small nesting species riverine elnikov in the valley of the river. Kacha (Baykalov et al, 1999). In the southern taiga in the Yenisey nesting is not proved, although the nomadic gaggle recorded in the forests of the Pogodaeva (59 ° N) in late May and 7 July 1977, and later in other parts of subzones. Unit 10-15 birds feeding in the dark and coniferous-deciduous, less flood-berozovyh aspen forests. Most chizhey was in the middle of August 1975 at the Village. Fomka (60 ° 10 'N): the high floodplain - 22, in the flood plain willowy with meadows - 12 individuals / km 2 (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). At the top Keti sporadichno found in pine forests and spruce-fir forests (Moskvitin et al, 1977). In the lower Priangare first found JP Shaparevym (1974) and VI Bezborodova (1974); probably siskin here do not nest every year, followed by abundant fruiting of spruce and fir. U.S. Ravkin (1984) in the basin Chuny chizha found on many nesting in lowland pine forests, lesobolotnyh complexes and pine-hardwood forests (10-16 animals / km 2). We saw three kochevavshih chizhey in a mixed riverine taiga at Factory Top Heaters (60 ° 15 'N, north subzones) (Syroechkovsky et al, 1978). In the middle taiga in the Yenisey 8 July, 1978 chizhey couple met about Peace (62 ° 15 'N) in rare poymennom fir groves. The nature of tenure is uncertain (Rogacheva, 1988). Habitats. Favorite nesting sites - fir groves, less - pine and mixed forests are usually rare, with glades and progalami very often - close to flood plains or valleys streams (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Data on phenology not. Spring is kept in pairs, the rest of the time - flocks. At nesting linked to elyu (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Jack built mostly on or near the top of spruce or the end of one of the side branches in 2-2,5 m from the trunk or near the trunk at a height of 8-27 meters from the ground. Iskusno plexus dense nest is polusharovidnuyu form. Reason nests piled out of thin spruce branches, the side walls are made of interlocking between the branches, pedicels dried herbs, roots, fibers moss, together with each other fiber web and. In the exterior wall jack vpleteny moss and lichen. Tray vystlan wool, horsehair, plant down and a single feather. The diameter of 70-80 mm jacks, the height of the nest 40-55 mm in diameter tray 30-50 mm in depth tray 20-35 mm (Mikheyev, 1996). In laying 3-6, 4-5 more eggs. Their color is white, slightly blue or greenish, with a few rare brown or rzhavchatymi spotted varying density and size, there are curls, commas, from volosovidnye. The size of eggs 14-20 x 11-14 mm. Nasizhivaet only female within 11-12 days from the penultimate otkladki, sometimes the 3rd or 2 nd eggs. Male feeding female. The young with a rare bluish-gray down, the mouth bright red, yellow klyuvnye rollers. The first time a female continuously GREET chicks and feed the entire family dog, bringing food to zobe. Ptentsy sitting in the nest 13-16 days after the parents feed sletkov about 2 weeks. More often dokarmlivaniem busy one male and female builds a new nest and begins a second nesting cycle. Part of the second nesting pairs before moving to another area, such transfers may take the form of summer migration, and in some areas chizhi can nest only in spring and the other - the summer and a year later the picture may be different. In summer, sometimes moving and the pair, whose nest for some reason were killed (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Chizhi mostly herbivorous, and even chicks nurse most of the seeds of coniferous, alder and various herbs, as well as insects, including such fine as tli (collect them in the craw). Adult seeds - almost the only food. Seeds collected in the snow or on the ground, or removable from the pull-down cones, from shishechek alder. It alder is one of the most important forage plants during the year (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
