Field signs. Most of the small thrushes (weight 59-63 g), olive-brown above, whitish to dark prodolgovatymi pestrinami bottom. Above the eye broad whitish-ohristaya eyebrow. Song begins a loud outcry svistovym top-down "U-ryuryuryuryuryu , Then is little skripotnya music and chatter. Pozyvka - tsykane, alarming cry from the nest - abruptly "Cook ... Cook ... "(Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Typical resident of crude taiga, which holds the margins of bogs, rivers and streams, and riverine thickets of bushes (Rogacheva, 1988). In the south central Siberia rare. Specific data on its nesting in the Minusinsk depression in the literature there. In the West Sayan many observers are not met (Naumov, Kislenko, 1974; Kim, Shtilmark, 1963; Prokofiev, 1987a), PP Sushkina (1914) refers to it as a rare nesting birds northern outskirts Sayan Ridge. In the Sayano-Shushenskoye reserve was only as a rare bird listvennichnikov, mixed forests in river valleys and low-kedrovnikov (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In East Sayan found at nesting in secondary forests predgory from Krasnoyarsk (Yudin, 1952), the Shumihi (Naumov, Burkovskaya, 1959) and birch from Village. Log leaving (Tugarinov, 1913). Listed as a rare type of mixed forest valley Kazyra (Kim, 1961). For the forest zone of the facts is not enough. Belobroviki were found on the islands of the Yenisei village. Derbin (55 ° 20 'N) (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911); KA Yudin (1952) refers to its nesting in the bush at the Yenisey river north of Krasnoyarsk. In podtayge belobrovik typical (3-3,2 individuals / km 2 in western subzone, 1-7 individuals / km 2 in the east) in the basin of the Greater Kemchuga not met in the dark taiga in the river basin. Lowland breeds and spruce-fir forests, and pine forests (Naumov, 1960; Ravkin et al, 1987).
In the southern taiga on the Yenisey (59-60 ° N), at its highest flood plain, in some years, many in the nesting of the village. Fomka, wet Berezovo-olhovom forest in 1975, 44 individuals / km 2 in 1977 here - 5 individuals / km 2. At low floodplain both years of observations were common (1-2 individuals / km 2) (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). The usual type of small-leaf forests upper Keti (Moskvitin et al, 1977 ). In Priangare generally most common in Osinniki with Curtina resumption of dark rocks; maximum number of nesting on the fringe pihtachey and Osinniki (44 specimens / km 2), in Berezovo-aspen forests, pine forests, to logging, slash areas and shelkopryadnikah belobrovik common (3 - 8 individuals / km 2) (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976). In the middle taiga on the Yenisey (Peace, 62 ° 15 'N) is the most common in the flood plain bush and riverine forests (2-8 individuals / km 2 to 20 individuals at Mirnovskom Island), which prefers damp sites with sparse fir and spruce and understory trees or adolescents. In a typical zonal taiga virtually non-existent (Rogacheva et al, 1978). There MA Tarkovsky as normal view in floodplain forests in the upper Eloguya (61 ° 45 'N): up to 8 birds / km 2. In the middle taiga Evenkia in the Tunguska basin Podkamennoy not met. In the northern subzone at the Lower Tunguska above Village. Tura (63-64 ° N) O. Chernikov found him normal and even many in mixed floodplain forests and densely zarosshih young slash areas (Rogacheva, 1988). In the northern taiga on the Yenisey (64-66 ° 30 'N) belobrovik slot in the willowy and birch floodplain Yenisei (5-16 individuals / km 2) and felling trees with high single (8 individuals / km 2). V Angutihe (extreme northern taiga) met in Berezovo-spruce woodland lesotundrovogo type (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the northern taiga Evenkia met only on the Lower Tunguska in the vicinity of village. Tura (Puzachenko, 1968); OA Chernikov 9 Jul, 1983 met one of the birds in the marsh younger listvennichnike near Lake. Chirinda. In extreme northern taiga from Norilsk Lakes belobrovik occasionally breeds (Krechmar, 1966; Syroechkovsky, 1961; Zyryanov, Larin, 1983).
In the forest on the Yenisey (68-69 ° N) belobrovik as ryabinnik was common in the south, and in typical forest (Ust-Hantayka and Nikolskoye) in the 50's - early 60's. When villages were living, and the area around them was modified (Rogacheva, 1965). In 1977 belobrovik here has not been met (Rogacheva et al, 1983). In the upper river. Turuhana belobrovik was rare nesting mode throughout the forest-tundra , Including the northern part of (Soviet Lakes region, 67 ° -67 ° 20 'N). At East Taimyr not found (Rogacheva, 1988). In subzone bush tundra at the mouth of Yenisei greeted by 70 ° N ernikovoy in the tundra near the village of Ust-Port and Karaul (1-5 individuals / km 2), as well as from willowy floodplain Uninhabited Village. Low Heta (0.2 species / km 2) (Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981). In subzone typical tundra, on the border with the Arctic, nesting shown at the mouth of the river. Rogozinki (72 ° 50 'N), where in August 1963, were discovered in a nest pile fin and brood (Vronsky, 1987). Within the sub-Arctic tundra in the village. Dickson (73 ° 30' N) since the early 60's. There is nesting population belobrovikov. Every year a few pairs nest in non-residential buildings and in landfills (in boxes, motkah wires, etc.) And a set of nesting pairs belobrovikov outside the village, in the heap fin 80 km south of Dickson, a number of facts shows that what something Drozd (indeed all belobroviki) occasionally nest in the ancillary (not heated) buildings arctic tundra at the mouth of the river. Uboynoy (73 ° 38 'N) (Vronsky, 1986). Habitats. Gnezdovye habitats - forests of various types, especially mixed, uneven, with a good understory. At the northern limit of distribution, the tundra, inhabit willowy, usually not less than meter-high (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Under the Krasnoyarsk even empty nest - May 14, nasizhennye eggs - 27-31 May, flying young - July (Yudin, 1952; Naumov, Burkovskaya, 1959). Reproduction. Jack on the trees in the fork of the trunk at a height of up to 4 meters jack bowl shape spleteno dry pedicels, blades, together earth and clay. Litter from thin dry blades and roots. The size of the nest smaller than the nests ryabinnika and deryaby: diameter nests 110-120 mm, 90 mm diameter tray, tray depth of 40-50 mm (Mikheyev, 1996). Masonry - 5-6 bluish-green eggs with a thick reddish-brown krapom (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva , 1980). Meals mixed, animal feed, dominated (beetles, fewer caterpillars, ants, spiders, etc.) Of vegetation - the fruits and seeds (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
