   |
| Main thing |
| List of the forms |
| Foto-[galereya] |
| Determinant |
| Names birds |
| Average Siberia |
| Living Internet |
| Guest book |
| Rewards |
| Different |
| References |
| Forum |
| SEARCH ON THE SITE |
|---|
 |
 |
|
|
|
Family [Mukholovkovye] Of muscicapidae |
|---|
Black-headed die Saxicola of torquata Of linnaeus, 1766 Name of view of other languages
|
|
Field signs. It is similar on meadow die, but in male black, and in female brown head. In male the top of neck, the back and throat black, the side of goiter and neck white, the belly are redder ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Singing - seemingly torn phrases of the squeaking and gnashing trills, on the whole as in meadow die, somewhat more monotonic, also frequently it [peresmeshnichaet]. It sings, sitting on the high bushes and the stems of grasses, posts, trees, sometimes - in the quivering flight. With the anxiety - are more similar to the impacts of stones chock , the chock- chock , Heath -[chakchak] , [khii]-track- track , he [khiit] ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Propagation. The widespread form, the inhabitant of [vysokotravnykh], predominantly dry-valley meadows with the rare bushes. Numerous being nested form of Minusinsk basin in its outlying forest and forest-steppe parts; in the steppes - rare bird of driving sections ([Bezborodov], 1979). Is numerous and very numerous on the outskirts of forest field-protecting landings of any type (to 560 [osobey]/[km]2) (Prokofiev, it is oral. [soobshch]. cited on [Rogacheva], 1988). It is usual in the zone of wooded plain. In the Yenisey part of Western [Sayana], besides the meadows on the terraces of the Yenisey, it is noted as the rare being nested form of mountain tundras and the usual form of subalpine meadows (Sokolov and other, 1983; Petrov, [Rudkovskiy], 1985). In the pond r. large [Ury] [S].[M]. Prokofiev (1987) found die by numerous in the belt of mountain steppes with the spots of dry-valley meadows and meadow steppes from the reductions (25 [osobey]/[km]2), and it is also on the flattened upper reaches of rivers ruby-colored -[Ayan] and the [Otuk]- bough, where the meadow sections alternate with the brushwood of bushes (26); dies were usual in the loaches, in the [ernikovykh] tundras (4) and on the lawns among the trough scaffolding (1-9 [osobey]/[km]2). In The [usinskaya] basin, according to our data, it is usual on the [ostepnennym] meadows of slopes, to the floodland meadows of valley r. Us and on the [vysokotravnym] meadows in the upper reaches is channel. In the environments of Krasnoyarsk it is numerous on the dry slopes of knolls in the Yenisey and especially in the uninhabited and uncrowded settlements. In [podtayge] in the pond of large [Kemchuga] it is rare. In the pond r. of floodlands, On the Border with the Kansk wooded plain, it is numerous during swamps and reductions in the high floodlands (27 [osobey]/[km]2), also, in the forest-steppe part, on the edge pour on with the birch choppings (10 [osobey]/[km]2) ([Ravkin] and other, 1987). In the taiga part of average Siberia one of the usual [antropagennykh] elements of ornithofauna. In the southern Yenisey taiga (59-60o N) the typical inhabitant of dry-valley and floodland haying meadows and pasturings (4-13 [osobey]/[km]2). It nests not in all settlements; for example, in 1977. in s. their [Pogodaevo] was 85 [osobey]/[km]2, while in adjacent Kolmogorov they did not nest at all (Boer, [Vakhrushev], 1983). In [Priangare] it is numerous on the mowings, pasturings, transitional swamps of the terraces of the valley r. Of [chuny] (11-14 [osobey]/[km]2) ([Ravkin], 1984). On being overgrown [shelkopryadnikakh] it is numerous (12 [osobey]/[km]2) ([Vladyshevskiy], 1975). On the left bank of the Yenisey in the upper reaches To [keti] it is numerous in settlements along the railroad [Achinsk]-[Abalakovo] ([Moskvitin] and other, 1977). In the central-taiga Yenisey with the high density it populates the weakly and [sredneuvlazhnennye] meadows of the Yenisey floodlands, outskirts of settlements. It is encountered on the cuttings down and the cinder, deprived of standing timber. In 1974. on the [mirnovskoy] clearing it nested 11-12 pairs of dies, everything - on the meadows, not [koshennykh] in the previous year. It penetrates little the depth of taiga. In the average taiga Of [evenkii] it is rare and is encountered far from everywhere. On July 7, 1958. during the cutting down in the sett. Of [tychany] (pond r. Of [chuni], 61o 30 ' N) was encountered the pair of dies. In 1985. in the pond Of [chuni] the dies for entire season were not discovered. In the lower reaches of the river of underground Tungus, in the pond r. Of [birobchany] (Central Siberian preserve) at the end July 1986. on the brush-covered lowland swamp the dies were numerous (20 [osobey]/[km]2). In the northern part of the subzone, on the lower Tungus, in the sett. Of [yukta] (68o 30 ' N) on the 15-year pine cinder on June 15, 1986. [O].[A]. Chernikov acquired the singing male. In the northern Yenisey taiga it is numerous on the dry-valley meadows and the clearings around the settlements (16-33 [osobi]/[km]2) ([Rogacheva], [Vakhrushev], 1983). In [Evenkii] is encountered only one time, on May 31, 1979 ; in the extreme northern taiga in Lake. By [essey] [O].[A]. by Chernikov (apparently, passing by bird). In the extreme northern taiga in Noril'sk lakes and in the forest-tundra transition area at the sources r. Of [pyasiny] it is rare, but nests regularly, and separate pairs -, also, in the bushy, and even in the typical tundra, to the north to 71o 45 ' N ([Krechmar], 1966), apparently, also in the environments of dwelling. In the Yenisey forest-tundra transition area the die is usual in the habitable and uninhabited settlements, to the north to the sett. of the Potapovs (68o 40 ' N) ([Rogacheva] and other, 1983). In the upper reaches Of [turukhana] in sett. Soviet creek (southern forest-tundra transition area, 66o 45 ' N) in spring 1978 g. were held two pairs of black-headed dies ([Rogacheva] and of others, 1987; [Rogacheva], 1988). Places of inhabiting. Open and half-open type localities and are more diverse than in meadow die. These are different meadows and the outskirts of swamps with the bushes and the separate trees, mountain, north- taiga and forest-tundra sparse growths, the cluttered cuttings down and cinder, the edge of forest-steppe and steppe pins and flue, steppes with the bushes and so forth willingly nest on the outskirts of villages, the vegetable-gardens, the outskirts of settlements, the vacant lands ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Phenology. Under Krasnoyarsk arrives flying at the beginning of May, hatching nestlings at the beginning of July, the end of the flying away - end of September ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Multiplication. They settle by territorial pairs - both isolated and in the form settlements, in several ten meters nest from the nest. Male actively sings from the arrival before hatching of nestlings, then - it is less. Female builds nest, it always on the earth and is well sheltered under the impending grass, the bushes, the hummocks. Willingly use shallow natural cover among the hummocks, the lumps of the earth, the old minks of rodents and the like basic jack material - dry grass, moss, in the chute, as a rule, small blades of grass, fur, plant swelled, a little feathers. In laying 5-7, it is more frequent than 6 eggs. Eggs are brighter than in meadow die, pale- greenish, slightly bluish either faded- gray, with the [rzhavchatymi] pale specks, by specks or by reddish brown attack at the dull end. The sizes of the eggs 16-20 X of 11-15 mm. female hatches one, beginning from the discarding last egg, its male it does not feed. Duration of the incubation of 13-15 days. Female sits tightly. If it are frightened off, it worries together with the male near. In nestlings on the head and the back rare long reddish-brown- gray or pale-yellow fluffs, the mouth is yellow with the yellowish-white [klyuvnymi] rollers. Male and female feed the nestlings of 13-16 days in the nest and even approximately one week after departure ([Ryabitsev], 2001). Nourishment. It feeds by insects and their larvas (in essence beetles, caterpillar, the larva of sawflies and others) ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980).
|
![Black-headed die (male). Photos [N].[I]. of Maltsev](photo/ph_s_tr.jpg)
![Black-headed die (female). Savchenko's photos [A].[P].](photo/ph_sat.jpg)
[Back] |
 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
 |
|
|
| ||
|
|