Field signs. Duck medium-sized, much smaller than mallard (weight 550-900 g). The head Seleznev brown with light golden stripe on his forehead. The back and sides with a thin gray struychatym figure, a white belly, on the wings of notable white spots. Polet easy, take off almost vertically. Nyryaet rare. Voice male - a sharp whistle "ICR u", the females - treskuchee quack (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Widespread duck forest of central Siberia, one of the first on the strength of river ducks. Area sviyazi almost exactly matches the boundaries of the taiga zone. Data on its zonal distribution in central Siberia somewhat contradictory. At the southern edge of a small duck nesting (for passage usually), although YA Isakov (1952) believes that it is usually on lakes Achinsko-Krasnoyarsk forest. In Sayanah might not nest. Occasionally found on the outskirts of Minusinsk depression and podtayge (Rogacheva, 1988).
In the southern taiga in the Yenisey sviyaz rare (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the middle taiga in eniseyskoy floodplain is the most normal of the major river ducks, a larger than mallard and pintail. In the northern taiga eniseyskoy sviyaz second largest nesting duck in the whole sub and the first - in the flood plain Yenisei (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In Evenkia everywhere small. At Vilyue her a little on the average reaches of the river, but more in Syurindinskoy Basin, in northern taiga ( Andreev, 1974). In extreme northern taiga from Norilsk lakes are usually not concede on the number of pintail, in the forest (the origins Pyasiny) has been quite rare, and in the southern tundra on the river. AGAPE does not occur at all (Krechmar, 1966). Thus, sviyaz in the province most common in the middle taiga, but many in the northern taiga, where many small floodplain lake. In the floodplain Yenisei usual everywhere in the forest and tundra subzone bush, but do not nest north of 71 ° N (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911; Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981; Rogacheva et al, 1983). In the basin of the river. Syma usual during nesting. At passage sviyaz numerous and clearly dominates over the river and nyrkovymi ducks. Spring is from 3 to 12 May, an average of 5-6, although there are more early arrival. Thus, in 1997 because of the early opening of the rivers sviyazi appeared at the end of April. The massive passage of the ducks are in the middle of May and at the end of its second decade. The most preferred biotopes - Starichnaya Lake, kuri and slow current protoki. During the passage also appears to nadpoymennym lakes and factories on the river. In 1988, May 17-22 density sviyazi inherent in her habitat on the Middle Symu reached 290 individuals in the 10 km river, and an average of the flood plain - 2.43 ± 0.46 specimens / km 2. A cluster of ducks to 30-50 birds were observed in almost all pripoymennyh sections of the river. In late July 1996 at the mouth of the river. Chafam by a brood of 6 hlopuntsov. Notable concentrations of staritsam formed in late August - early September, then birds fly off quickly. During the autumn passage sviyaz in the pool Syma second largest after Chirka-svistunka. In the 20-x September its density in different biotopes ranged from 1.0 to 63.0 species per 10 km. During the migration is not uncommon as monovidovye or polividovye congestion. Period stable sviyazi passage in the middle stream Syma in 1996 was 15-27 September. Of inspected in the production at this time of ducks on the Syma Mid (n = 155 ) Sviyaz was 20-29% (1996, 1998) (Savchenko et al, 2001). Share sviyazi among other ducks, according to the block counts, in Eniseyskoy plains were as follows: Env. Yartsevo - 12-15%; district. Most Ket - 6-7%; district. Mendel - 5.0%; district. Yenisey - the mouth of the Angara - 12-18%; district. Krasnoyarsk on the Yenisei - Galanin - 6 -- 8%; district. Chulym (Birilyussky District) - 15-18%. It should be noted that, for example, in Tuva this figure does not exceed 6% in spring and fall 5% (Savchenko et al, 2001). The migration path sviyazi have a strong western and south-westerly direction, hence the low proportion of the ducks in central and southern region (Savchenko et al, 2001). Habitats. Preferred cluster biotope - flood plains of large rivers with low water belonging to the typical type "Karaseva Lakes (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Phenology. According to the phenology sviyaz close to the pintail. In the area of Norilsk Lakes arrives before all the other ducks, like substituting in the Far North quack. Arrive early birds here accounted for 21-29 May, and mass transit - at the beginning of June. In Turuhanskom area (Peace), the main passage sviyazi accounted for the second half of May. Autumn departure from the northern outskirts of forests is from mid-September to early October. Predominantly herbivorous duck (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). At the top Vilyue dobyvali sviyazey, Okol'covannaja in India (Andreev, 1974). Reproduction. Jack - a small hole with sparse vegetation lining and a small amount of Pooh. In laying 7-10 pure-white eggs. In the area of Norilsk to begin laying the first half of June, summer youth appearing in late August (Syroechkovsky , Rogacheva, 1980). Number. The number of relatively stable. For this type of (Martynov, 1983) in Central Siberia is not aware of any significant cyclic changes in strength. An overall assessment of the size of the province (based on data modeling) - 640 thousand birds (Martynov, 1983). In the south of Krasnoyarsk region breeds 108 thousand of these ducks. Stockpiles sviyazi is 250 thousand individuals, of whom in the plains Eniseyskoy focus of at least 15.8% of the resources edge (Savchenko et al, 2001). References. |
