Field signs. Stroynaya birdie, less than the sparrow. Gray crown and back, bottom, nadhvoste and ground white tail, bridle, wings and tail end of the black. Vspugnutaya bird flit "Dancing" flight, flickering white feathers, then prisazhivaetsya on stone or stump, and twitch tail. Characterized the current flight: male with the song takes off into the air and slide down one's wings and tail. Creek - and-chekchek (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Widely distributed throughout Central Siberia, except for the polar desert zone. Typical look dry open. In the south, in the steppe and forest, selitsya mostly open areas with ovragami and logs, the sand-galechnym and rocky shore waters, the railway embankment, on the outskirts of towns. For PP Sushkina (1914), in the steppes of Khakassia it is relatively rare because it is largely replaces the heater-dancer. Same confirms DV Vladyshevsky (ustn. message. Op. Rogacheva on, 1988), indicating that ordinary heater is preferred here, unlike the dancer, rocky sites. In Sayan, does not go, occasionally breeds only on certain sections of the mountain steppes . Thus, in the river basin. Big Ury in the tract Chulaksy is a large isolated colony dlinnohvostyh gopher: in their burrows ordinary heater make nests, and here they are numerous (13 animals / km 2) (Prokofiev, 1987). In Usinskoy valley, occasionally nest where there is dlinnohvosty gopher: for Lawn ostepnennym grass to park forest in the flood plain district. Constitution (Rogacheva, 1988). In podtayge rare because of the lack of suitable nesting sites for dry, kept mainly from villages in the basin of the river. Poymy on obochinam fields of barbed (5-7 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). Throughout srednesibirskoy taiga heater breeds almost exclusively on the sandy shores galechnym water, outlying villages, where forests. By Yenisei her more than a small taiga river, and on the right than on the left. Across southern taiga is rare for nesting, common or numerous in the spring passage and after-nesting kochevkah. In eniseyskoy average taiga, also because of a lack of dry open seats selitsya far from everywhere. The area Vorogova (61 o N) breeds mostly in fresh felling of pine borah, ustraivaya nests in heaps srublennyh branchless (at last year's harvesting - 13, at cutting 10 years ago - 3 specimens / km 2) (Rogacheva and et al, 1978). Occasionally nests in MEPC in 1958, The Peace nesting is not proven. In the middle taiga Evenkia not nest. In eniseyskoy northern taiga in the nesting observed only in a large village - Turuhanske (2 specimens / km 2) (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In eniseyskoy forest in 1977 also failed to find the PA nesting, but in 1956 was large nesting type of housing settlement Nikolskoye (typical forest, 69 o N; 96 individuals / km 2). In subzone bush tundra at the mouth of Yenisei (70 o N) heater was found at nesting in a large village of Ust-Port (3 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981). In the northern taiga Evenkia heater is absent or rare nesting on the Lower Tunguska, including the Village. Tura, but nest Kotuyu everywhere, from at least 67 o 20 'N to the lake. Essey (68 o 30 'N). The maximum size of 11 Jun, 1983 - at sklonovom kurumnike around the village. Chirinda (31 individual / km 2); has many of the village. Essey (26); Valley Kotuya gnezdilas everywhere except waterlogged Muruktinskoy depression (12 animals / km 2) (Volkov, 1987). In Putoranah nest everywhere except highlands in the extreme northern taiga from Norilsk Lakes selitsya on the banks of rivers and large lakes and kamenistym moraine ridge in the forest and shrub tundra on the river. Pyasine usually on the steep banks of rivers, severely broken sections of tundra and the Housing Rights (Krechmar, 1966; Zyryanov, Larin, 1983). In typical, as well as the Arctic tundra Taimyr sporadichno nest on the banks of rivers and ustyam with gravel and rubble fin, to rupture and denuded slopes of hills, on the seaside. The number of river basin. Pury. in different years - 5.0 and 2.3 specimens / km 2 (Kokorev, 1983), at the mouth of the river. Golchihi in the Gulf Eniseyskom (71 o 40 'with. Rd.) - 5,0 individuals / km 2 (data Chernikova OA). In the Arctic tundra is also selitsya where there is shelter: a housing rights, and in the wild - in raspadkah streams, abandoned burrows and fox Lemming, in schelyah rocks in the chest fin. The Northern Limit clustered distribution in the arctic tundra at the Taimyr? somewhere between 75 o 20 'N and the Cape Chelyuskina (77 o 43 'N) (Vronsky, 1986). Habitats. Inhabit a variety of open space from the steppes to the Arctic tundra. In the forest zone are all kinds of waste, including in towns and cities, pasturage, margin and otkosy roads, banks, construction sites, quarries, in the mountains - rocky rossypi and tundra zone. Live separated couples, males protect large areas (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Under the Krasnoyarsk arrival - mid-April, slightly nasizhennye masonry - May 22, departure - late September - early October (Yudin, 1952). Reproduction. Jack on the ground, the crack rocks, heaps of stones, polennitsah firewood, sometimes under the roof of houses. Typically, it is located near the entrance of the shelter (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). The nest is kind of casually made flat cups with loose and fragile walls of the dry stalks of cereals and other herbaceous plants, sometimes with some small amount of roots, moss, sticks and gnilushek. Tray flat, vystlan wool and hair, and often feathers (Mikheyev, 1996). Build a nest female, male can help it. In total laying 4-8, 6 eggs often pale blue, without drawing, only occasionally are rare reddish or brown specks. The size of eggs 19-25 x 14-17 mm. Nasizhivaet only female, have reported that some male couples sometimes substitute for a female. Nasizhivanie otkladki begins with the last egg and lasts for 13-14 days. The young have long dark gray fuzz on his head, back and shoulders, mouth yellow-orange with a whitish-yellow klyuvnymi rollers (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Pitayutsya various insects and other small invertebrates, which are collected on the ground, sometimes take off and catch flying insects. Vysmatrivaya prey, sit on prisade often hang in the air. In a small number of eating berries (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980; Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
