Field signs. Black with blue glitter bird the size of a jackdaw. Beak very long, curved down, red. Legs are red, short tail. Flight quick and easy. Voice - calls «kliaa-kliaa». Cheery, mobile, reckless bird (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Typical bird bezlesnyh mountains of southern central Siberia, which is found in rocks and at the mountain steppes. At the beginning of the century was the usual nesting birds in the mountains and coastal cliff Yenisei from Minusinska up to the foot of the Western Sayan, breeds mostly in its southern ostepnennom macroslope. Vyletaet at feeding stations and in plain steppes, and in the field - both summer and winter, nesting in the northern border province Minusinskom no further than a line Novoselovo - Uzhur (Sushkin, 1914). Here, at pp. Coma, in 1931 KA Yudin (1952) observed and mining chough nest. SM Prokofiev (1987a) met chough in the mountain steppes in the lower reaches of the river. Big Ury, the Sayano-Shushenskoye Reserve (0.6 species / km 2). A large number of holds in the steep middle of the left tributary river. Kemchika, on the border with Tuvoy; summer appears to Sayanskomu ridge and Mts. Artysh; nesting is not proved (Zabelin, 1976). DV Vladyshevsky saw chough in spring 1979 under the Krasnoyarsk, in Academgorodok. Known for zalet srednetaezhny Yenisey: a single bird was seen by us in September 1957 at the coastal cliffs of the Yenisei Village. Osinovo (Rogacheva, 1988). In Khakassia nest in the hills around the lake. Sarhat, a regular nesting species in the eastern foothills Kosinskogo ridge, where the winters (Baikal, Baikalova, 1997). Reproduction. It seems to constitute a fairly constant couple, and retain affection for each other, and in flocks. Not all individuals reach sexual maturity until the next spring; single chough kept flocks, kochuya between clustered colonies of birds. Gnezdyatsya small groups or colonies. Jacks suit in the cleft, or a recess cliff. It's nest is a structure of dry twigs. Tray lining stems of dry grass and wool. Perhaps the nests are used for many years, renovate and therefore grounds they are very massive. Eggs are white with a gentle touch kremovym, densely covered with small spotted - surface olive-brown color and deep - gray. Sizes 36-38h26-27 mm, weight of fresh 13,4-13,8 g (Korelov et al, 1974). Nutrition. Pischu produce on the ground or in bushes and trees. When razyskivanii worms and insects chough deeply dig his beak into the soil (up to 3 cm). Sometimes he turns stones and face them down to extract hiding under their invertebrates. Usually kormitsya to meadows, vykapyvaya its long beak roots, tubers of plants, vyryvaet their shoots, and shoots of wheat and barley. At the same time can deftly collect seeds, insects, as well as fruit bushes and trees (Korelov et al, 1974). The basis of nutrition chough represent various invertebrate animals, seeds, berries, vegetative parts of plants. In spring and summer in their stomachs marked beetles (Krawczyk, weevils), schitniki-bugs, ants, birds that depend on the grassy slopes. In autumn and winter feed grains of wheat berries buckthorn, juniper, barberry, blackberry, dog-rose, tutovnika, sklevyvaya them from the ground, shrubs and trees (Korelov et al, 1974). Like other voronovye birds, chough inclined probably produce small rodents, scavengers and devastate small vorobinyh birds' nests. In captivity they are willing to eat raw meat (bird comes to feed his paw and peck its curved beak), cereals, deftly handled abandoned in the cell of living mice, leaving only their skin, and drank a lot. Despite this, chough quickly died in captive for unknown reasons (Korelov et al, 1974). References. |
