Field signs. Ptichka size of a sparrow, but stroynee. A male gray back, bottom rzhavchato-red, bright red tail, constantly shudder. Forehead white throat and black side of the neck. Female burovataya. Song - a short, slightly nasal warble, stretched sound begins and ends pozyvkoy (Promptov, 1949). Pozyvka - monotonous repetition "fyuit-tick-tick" (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Bird European clarified forests, visiting the Central Siberia. In Minusinsk Basin usual everywhere except the steppes in the steppe part breeds mostly in gardens and parks. In Usinskoy basin was usually for a nesting place in the combined park listvennichnikah the slopes. For prieniseyskoy of the West Sayan listed as a rare bird belt listvennichnikov and pine forests on the Terraces Yenisei and the usual - mixed lowland forests (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In the basin of the river. Big Ury found in every valley and the slope forests to podgoltsovogo belt are numerous in all the lowland forests (12-24 individuals / km 2) and the slope lisvennichnikah (21) srednegorya, in the above cedar-larch forests and highlands kedrovnikah usual or rare ( 0,5-1 specimen / km 2) (Prokofiev, 1987). In the foothills of East Sayan from Krasnoyarsk (reserve "poles") is usually in the valley Kazyra rare (Krutovskaya, 1958; Kim, 1961). A number of Krasnoyarsk is very high in the park from birch Akademgorodka (1 pair per 1 hectare, or 200 individuals / km 2) (Vladyshevsky orally. Posts. Cited by Rogacheva, 1988). In the forest and podtayge everywhere usually (in the basin of the Greater Kemchuga - 1,6-3,2 individuals / km 2) (Naumov, 1960), many (in the basin of the river. Floodplains, on the border Kanskoy forest most abundant in pine forests, riverine mixed , dark forests and towns - 17-24 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). In the southern taiga on the Yenisey (59-60 o N), the largest nesting populations in the forests of high park type, here it often dominates (in the pine forests on the lower Kasu -28 individuals / km 2 in prieniseyskih small-leaf and mixed forests - 10 -- 21 individual / km 2). In a multi-layered with rich forest understory of smaller - 6-7, in the dark taiga, on average, 4 in the depleted and clarified stations - up to 11 individuals / km 2 (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In Priangare maximum density of nesting in pine forests (68 animals / km 2) and svetlohvoyno-small-leaf forests (48); Edge pihtachey with zarosshimi Osinniki garyami too many (12-16 animals / km 2), in the center of the arrays is not met, in shelkopryadnikah , Osinniki and aspen-birch forests usually (2-6 individuals / km 2) (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976, etc.). In the pine borah upper Keti as many (Moskvitin et al, 1977). In the middle eniseyskoy usually in the taiga forests of high clarified and towns. The Peace in 1974 was to slash areas are numerous (10 animals / km 2), usually in listvennichnikah and clarified logging priposelkovoy taiga (1-3 individuals / km 2) (Rogacheva et al, 1978). Away from the Yenisei meets less frequently. In the upper Eloguya (61 o 40 'N), according to the MA Tarkovsky, the nest of pine forests and garyam with some large trees (2-4 individuals / km 2). In the middle taiga Evenkia in general is rare, although the nest and northern subzone - on the Lower Tunguska (63 o 30 'N) (Rogacheva, 1988). In the northern taiga eniseyskoy meeting nesting in the southern subzone (Baklaniha, 64 o 25 'N); rare and sporadichno slot in the willowy floodplain forests and clarified at the Yenisei, in June 1975 zaletny male redstart was produced in Turuhanske ( 65 o 50 'N) (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). Zalet known in the southern eniseyskuyu the forest: the Potapove (68 o 40' N) singing male redstart keep to the end of June before July 14, 1977 (Rogacheva et al, 1983). Even more distant zalet seen at the mouth of the river. Rogozinki in the Gulf Eniseyskom (72 o 50 'N): During the spring snowstorm in 1982 redstart zaletela a residential house on the coast of the Gulf, but soon died (Vronsky, 1987). Habitats. Gnezdovye biotopes - rare woods of various types of skirts. Usually in the villages and towns where there are parks, squares, or even single trees on streets and courtyards. In the wild breeding density is most determined by the existence of the forest great snipe (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Krasnoyarsk Under a 6-12 May, the latest masonry - June 10-18, departing chicks - June 27 - July 14 (Yudin, 1952). Under the Krasnoyarsk in the "pillars" Two vyvodka. Zimuet in Iran (Krutovskaya, 1958). Reproduction. Jack in the hollow trunk of a tree or a seizure, in buildings, artificial duplyankah, heap firewood or wood. Nest has always hidden or covered. The nest bowl shape done quite casually from the dry, often razmochalennyh stalks of herbaceous plants, wood fibers, with some leaves, moss and pieces of bark. All material stowed ryhlo, indiscriminately. Litter is composed of wool, feathers and pieces of leaves. The diameter of 110 mm jack, the height of the nest 90 mm diameter tray an average of 60 mm, the depth of the tray 40-70 mm (Mikheyev, 1996). Masonry contains 5-8, 6-7 increasingly a continuous blue or slightly greenish-blue eggs, size 16-22 x 13-15 mm. Nasizhivaet female, starting with otkladki last eggs, 12-14 days. She regularly fly feed, rarely in such intervals male sits down at immure. Some pairs of male feeding female. Ptentsov feed both birds. When danger redstart flit from branch to branch with troubled shouting. The young are top-heavy and long dark gray fuzz, mouth yellow or light orange with a yellowish-white klyuvnymi rollers. Fleeing slot in the age of 12-15 days (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Typical insectivorous birds, looks for invertebrates with prisady and pick them from the ground or from branches, often catch in the air. In autumn gladly eat berries (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
