Field signs. Male spin gray or black and gray, black wings and tail, head and the bottom yellow. Female painted dull, the head of its greenish-gray. Young burovatye top, bottom ohristye at the throat and zobe black and brown pestriny (in the field indistinguishable from the young yellow tryasoguzok). Creek - calls "tsyuili" song - a few short calls chatter. Often singing in the air, fear and trembling wings in one place (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. In Minusinsk Basin usual, but found sporadichno. PP Sushkina (1914) noted that some Minusinska, on the edge of mixed forests in the foothills Sayan, is not found in Abakanskoy steppe and Achinskom county in Sayanah traced up to the waist woodlands on the meadow on the river. Ore; everywhere birds Jacks on kochkovatyh meadows with willowy. For Koybalskoy steppe mentioned as a normal nesting species (up to 10 individuals / km 2) (Bezborodov, 1979). In Sayan, East and West, according to the latest figures (Kim, 1977; Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985; Prokofiev, 1987), usually in mountain tundra and kochkovatyh wet meadows on the shores of mountain lakes and rivers and swamps, rare in the meadow along the river. SM Prokofiev (1987) found numerous in the upper river basin. Big Ury (Sayano-Shushensky Reserve) to bezlesnyh sites with thickets of shrubs and osokovymi kochkarnikami from rivers and streams (19 animals / km 2). In East Sayan has met on the raw areas of the mountain tundra Manskogo Lake (Tugarinov, 1913; Yudin, 1952).
According to literary figures (Gladkov, 1954; Stepanian, 1978), in the Yenisei basin, perhaps there is a gap between the kind of range he was in Minusinsk Basin and the Sayan Mountains and severoeniseyskoy population, observed to the south to 59 o N The nature of the proliferation of species are not clarified. In the podtaygi it does not meet RL Naumovym have to. Kemchug, but is now a large type (99 animals / km 2) fens in the valley of the river. Floodplain (Ravkin et al, 1987). In the southern taiga on the Yenisey (59-60 o N) observed isolated cases of nesting in the transitional swamps near the village Pogodaevo and Fomka. South of observation were not conducted. In the middle eniseyskoy taiga nesting is very rare cases, all the slots are deep in the boreal forest, not even on the banks of tributaries Yenisei, and the marsh kochkarnyh Watersheds (for example, the watershed of rivers and Sarchihi Razvilok about Peace). In Evenkia, apparently distributed sporadichno; only srednetaezhnom Lower Tunguska Podkamennoy she met consistently at the watershed swamps places was usual, but on lugovnikah in the mouths of rivers - are numerous. In the northern taiga eniseyskoy for nesting usual, many, from north to south and the number has not changed; nesting numbers in Baklanihe (64 o 25's. Rd.) - 27 individuals / km 2 in the kochkovatyh floodplain meadows and 7 - to the transitional swamps (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In eniseyskoy forest (68-69 o N) are numerous: in the southern forest (Ust-Hantayka) in 1977 nesting numbers at zakustarennoy moss-osokovoy tundra with peat bugrami was 48 individuals / km 2 in the floodplain meadows Yenisei - 16, in woodlands - 0 in a typical forest (Nikolskoye) - respectively 18, 48 and 8 individuals / km 2 (Rogacheva et al, 1983). In Putoranah usually in the extreme northern taiga from Norilsk and lakes in the forest at the beginning of Pyasiny isolated pairs nesting in the southern half of sub-typical tundra (Krechmar, 1966). In the forest on the upper river. Turuhan (left Yenisei) is rare but occurs constantly in extreme northern and southern taiga forest (Rogacheva et al, 1987). At the East Village on the outskirts of Taimyr. Khatanga rare, usually in the contiguous places larch forest. In subzone bush tundra (tract Ary-Mas, 72 o 30's. Rd.) In 1983 was usually at the site larch woodlands (4.9 species / km 2), but in 1981 there was not available (Chupin, 1987 ). In subzone bush tundra at the mouth of Yenisei met everywhere in the vicinity of non-residential village. Low Heta in all habitats was gnezdovoe time, too (125-157 individuals / km 2); have surveyed the entire territory of nesting numbers were highest in the village of Ust-Port, Karaul, Sock, Low Heta (65-125 individuals / km 2 ) At the moss-kustarnichkovyh tundra, except the vicinity of the Little Hety, it was usually (4-9 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981). To the north of the valley Yenisei penetrates the southern subzone typical tundra (according to A. J. Tugarinova - up to 71 o N, according to the F. D. splash - to 72 o N) (Rogacheva, 1988). Habitats. Kochkovatyh raw bird, often zakustarennyh not only plain grassland, but the mountainous areas of predominantly northern taiga and the forest. More typical of Srednesibirskogo plateau than the flat left Yenisei (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. Under the Krasnoyarsk passage from late April until mid-May, at the Arctic Circle - the first of June, in full wall tundra in late June - early July, the autumn departure - late August - mid-September (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Nests built on the land, often in very wet ground, under cover of grasses and shrubs, cane hall, in cavities made by rodents. A tundra villages often make nests in landfills under the boards, boxes, even in banks and abandoned equipment. A nest of grass and moss, lining - wool, feathers, thin stalk of moss. In laying 3-7 eggs, often 5-6. Color eggs resemble the eggs of yellow wagtail, generally bright yellow-and-gray color burovato formed thick and very blurred krapom, there are thin black line on tortuosity tupom end. The size of eggs 17-22 x 13-16 mm. The duration of incubation - about 12-14 days, nasizhivanii involved female and male, but female - higher. In gnezdovoe time the birds are very troublesome, to stir when you fly predator owners of neighboring nests. The young sit in the nest for about 2 weeks (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Feeds insects and aquatic invertebrates (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  
References. |
