 Field signs. Quite a large korotkonogaya heron (about 900 g of weight, length wing 260-360 mm). The head of a large, thick neck. Wings long and wide, short tail. Back to the yellow-ohristymi fringe of feathers, down ohristy with brown cross pattern. Temya and «mustache» black. Greenish-yellow beak, legs pale green, yellow eyes. Nightlife is very cautious bird. Happy hiding in the dense reed thickets and other drivers. In a calm state of standing on one leg, and sgorbivshis vytyanuv neck . With the risk of vertical stretch his neck and head, taking deceptive posture. Long remained motionless, bittern is very similar to beam dry stalks of cane, and it is difficult to notice. Night bittern kormitsya at the edges of open Pleso and climb rush to cover their long fingers stalks. If a person is coming near, she takes off almost vertically, but embarrassing ( «cloth»), often vzmahivaya wings. Flying a little bit, again sits down in the thicket. The flight quickly and easily. On trees rarely sits down. In summer, bittern can be found in pairs, then short - vyvodkami, usually in isolation. In the late fall in the dark vypi often fly over the cane and shouting. Creek that can be passed as a vulgar, loud «Kau». Spring Creek - typical recess «buhane» or «roar», such as: «prumb», and then less than a resounding «Bu Bu». It is believed that the voice vypi distant roar like a bull. Hence its popular name - «bull» (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980, 1995).
Distribution. Bird reservoirs steppes, forest and podtaygi, on the river valley. Yenisei penetrating up to 64 ° N (Andreev, 1974). Osobnyakom is a message Siboma G. (1901), which handed Skin vypi, killed on the river. Yenisey under 64 ° N Apparently, it was a distant zalet. A similar case was on 30 May, 1981, when priustevoy part of the river. Dry Eloguy (63 ° 25 ' N) ohotoved VI Marunin also gotten bittern (Rogacheva, 1988). South border of vypi goes far beyond the province and extends through North-western Mongolia (Stepanyan, 1990). Habitats. Vyp occupies large reservoirs and forest steppe with vast thickets of reeds, marsh grass with very willowy, floodplain ponds and swamps with thickets of vegetation in the taiga drive. Prefers standing water, sometimes nest on the islands is slowly running rivers (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. The appearance of the first species recorded more often for voice and accounted for in the steppe in the first half of April: April 12 - Ubsu-Nurskaya and April 13-20 - Minusinskaya basin. Under the Krasnoyarsk first «buhane» vypi observed on May 7, on the river. Chadobtse - May 28, on the river. Enisee have to. Pogodaeva - May 24, on the river. Vilyue - since mid-May until early June. In Khakasia arrives at the end of April, egg laying starts in late May, the full stack - in the first half of June. The dates of departure to identify even more problematic because of a concealed way of life vypi and its small size, but in the second decade of September clearly been some outflow of birds. Span, usually occurs at night (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).  Reproduction. Gnezditsya always alone. Nests are satisfied in the thickets of reeds, in small reservoirs at osokovyh cane or a log, less among shrubs, often nest at the piles, lies on the bent and broken stems sedgy and cane. Nest - negligence, in the form of a flooring, construction of the stems and leaves drivers Plant - has a round shape. As the young chicks, it is submerged in water and built adult birds. Masonry in Khakassia from 5-6 clay-gray eggs. Nasizhivaet, mostly female. Vilyue At full stack - in mid-June, hatching chicks from the beginning of July, lifting them to the wing - from the first half of August (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
Nutrition. The basis of nutrition is fish (crucian, golyan, perch, especially pike, up to 27 cm, sometimes up to 35 cm), frogs, golovastiki, worms, aquatic insects, in the case myshevidnye rodents, sometimes even water vole ( Syroechkovsky etc.., 2000). Size. Of the province everywhere rare, and its strength continues to decline, since the south edge of a business development floodplain rivers and lake shores, disposed of reed. The number of vypi in the river floodplain. Chulym have to. Balahta was in the 1983-1984 biennium. 0,25-0,38 species per km 2 ivnyakovoy floodplain wetlands. In the taiga zone of the western (b. Average Ket) and Krai eastern borders (b. Average Vilyuy) bittern is very rare (Moskvitin et al, 1977; Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). More frequent meetings species belong to the spring, when the «battle» of the herons heard far enough. Regarding usually on the waters Achinskoy forest. In the 1987-1998 biennium., According to our data, the density of a lake. White is at least 0,2-0,3 species per km 2, the lake. Big Kosogol - 0 ,5-1, 0 specimen per km 2, on some sections of the river floodplain wetlands. Serguei it reached 10 animals in the 10 km river. In Kanskoy river basin Small Topol, Usolka to Agashulskih swamps bittern as usual - 0.6 species per km 2. The higher density (up to 1,0-1,5 species per km 2) is marked on marsh Potonshe. It should be noted that unlike other places range bittern Prieniseyskoy Siberia does not form visible predotletnyh clusters or elevated concentrations during the passage of (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Limiting factors. Reducing the number of types of economic development due to flood waters and increasing factor of concern. Some birds are killed by random shots during the spring and especially autumn hunting vodoplavayuschuyu game. Jacks ruin crows and marsh luni. The main limiting factor -- reducing the area zaymisch cane on the banks of rivers and lakes (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
