Field signs. Slightly less soyki. The total sage-brown coloring, the top head and wings are dark brown, podhvoste fox, red tail. The voice - a loud cry «kzhee ... kzheee », melodichnoe« kuuk kuuk ... .. . »And varied« prattle ». Flight weak, flittering like a big butterfly (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Bird close mostly dark taiga, including mining. More common in middle and southern taiga. Sedentary bird, otkochevyvaet for the winter to the south, probably from severotaezhnoy part of its range (Rogacheva, 1988). In Sayanah nest across the mountainous taiga, from the foot to the border tree, but usually only in the high and low kedrovnikah (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985) or in the spruce-fir taiga (Krutovskaya, 1958). In the valley of the river. Constitution Usinskoy basin below our expedition found two birds at the top of the forest, in rare pihtarnike. It has in the basin of the river. Big Ury in poslegnezdovoe time was 0,9-1 specimen / km 2 in the valleys of spruce forests and highlands kedrovnikah (Prokofiev, 1987a). At the beginning of the century kuksha gnezdilas on the outskirts of taiga in Minusinsk Basin, and now, according to S. Prokofiev (1987), it is no longer breeds (Rogacheva, 1988). In podtayge and southern taiga kuksha nest where the remaining closed forest, mostly dark in the bottom Priangare where a lot of woods consists of pineries and leafy, pine plantations, kuksha nest, and in them, reaching a high number: 12-16 individuals / km 2 in the fir , Dark-and small-leaf svetlohvoyno-small-leaf forests (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976). These figures are much higher than other data on the cluster size kuksh: in the dark forests in the valley of the river. Big Kemchug - 3.2 species / km 2 (Naumov, 1960), in spruce-fir forests and wetland mixed in the river basin. Floodplain - 2-4 (Ravkin et al, 1987), in the southern eniseyskoy nepoymennoy taiga in poslegnezdovoe time - 1-5 individuals / km 2 (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). At srednetaezhnom Yenisey and Evenkia kuksha nest everywhere, not avoiding and listvennichnikov; here it's more rare than usual. In the middle taiga winter local kukshi and perhaps some birds, prikochevavshih from the northern taiga. In the northern taiga on the Yenisey rare, but the nest to the extreme limits of subzones, very rare in prieniseyskoy southern forest (Ust-Hantayka, 68 ° 15 'N). In the upper Turuhana in extreme northern taiga kuksha occasionally breeds and even rarer still for the winter (Rogacheva et al, 1987). In Putoranah kuksha rare for Hantayskom Lake, according to the survey, sometimes remains in priozernoy taiga in the winter (Syroechkovsky, 1961). A. B. Krechmar (1966) finds kukshu "quite ordinary" bird extreme northern boreal forest lakes from Norilsk, where too aware of wintering near the fishing izbushek in the forest at the beginning of Pyasiny not detected. OA Chernikovym found at nesting in the larch woodland at Lake. Essey (68 ° 30 'N). AE Volkov (1987) found it normal in the mountainous severotaezhnyh listvennichnikah River. Big Kuonamke (pool Anabara, about 70 ° N). The most northern kukshi meeting in the tract Ary-Mas (72 ° N), where a single male has produced 23 Aug, 1981 in the array most northerly in the world larch woodlands (Chupin, 1987). Phenology. Osedlaya bird otkochevyvayuschaya for the winter to the south, probably from severotaezhnoy part of its range. Data on the phenology of the clandestine gnezdovoe time in poultry almost none. In the southern taiga pairing in April, after which kukshi «disappeared» - so secret they behave, from 14 April - sletki (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). A lake. Queta kukshi consistently met from 21 April until mid-October, very rarely - in November; brood of young self-greeted June 24 (Krechmar, 1966). Reproduction. Gnezditsya very early. Found NF Reymersom (1966) nest - on a thin elke at 3.5 meters from the ground in the marsh priruchevom fir groves - made of dry branches, insulated punk, dry grass, tree lichens, feathers and hazel grouse kukshi. Masonry - 3, rarely 4 Eggs greenish-gray with dark krapom. Kuksha sitting on the nest incredibly fast. BN Andreev (1974) describes a case where a herringbone with a jack and nasizhivayuschey kukshey was cut down and moved to the tent, but in this case the bird remained in the nest. Kukshi easy to tame and well-lived in captivity (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Nutrition. Omnivorous. Basis of food - insects and their larvae, but attacks and rodents, small birds, their eggs and chicks. Rasklevyvaet caught in the hinge kuropatok; eat bait from the trap-line and pasta, lowering their klyuet posted for drying fish. It feeds well as seeds of coniferous and berries (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
