Field signs. Major duck with a narrow, long beak. Weight males 1000-1300, at the head of toupee thin feathers. A male's head and back, black, gray side with a cross pattern, white bottom. Beak and red legs. Unlike large merganser, goiter brown with black pestrinami. In the upper jaw from the front edge of nostrils 18 or more teeth (a large merganser - 13-15). Female gray, with brown head, almost indistinguishable from a female high merganser. Well nyryaet, usually through under the water 20-25 seconds. Flight SHum slightly sibilant. Flight fast, with wing-beat frequency. On the water rises seriously and razbega. Voice - thick quack "kreh ... kreh." Great flocks does not form. Only molting sometimes going in groups of hundreds of birds (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. The most common in the northern taiga and the forest. In the area of Norilsk Lakes and north Turuhanska (Angutiha) more common than big merganser, but in the middle taiga in the Yenisey yields in the number of the latter (Rogacheva, 1988). There Angutihi nosy merganser pair met in the taiga about every third Forest Lake. In the taiga at Norilsk lakes and forest in the upper river. Pyasiny it quite numerous, but in the bush tundra Taimyr has been rare, the most northern point of nesting - "Mashkiny yary at Pyasine, below the mouth of the river. Agapov, almost 72 ° N (Krechmar, 1966). However, met here during the summer brood to go on stream Pyasiny from more southern regions (Rogacheva, 1988). The most northern point type meetings, it Nochlezhnaya bay on the coast of the peninsula Baklund in the north of the Central Taimyr (76 ° 04 'N 98 ° 32' E) (Tomkovich et al, 1994).
At the Yenisey to the south was to the mouth of the river. Pakulihi (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). Within eniseyskoy average nest in the boreal forest of small right-Yenisei tributaries with rocky bottoms and fast current, where it is the first in the number of species of waterfowl. Right Eniseya Bank down south to 60 ° N (Tugarinov, 1941). For the river basin. Syma - this is kind of small, often occurring during the migration. Thus, the passage in spring 1997 nosy merganser was from 15 to 31 May. A large density (10-15 animals in the river 10 km) was observed in only a few days. On average over the entire period of spring passage in 1997, it was low - 0,24 ± 0,02 beings at 1 km 2. The main venue were from middle and upper reaches Syma (Zaimka Staroverovskaya - Zaimka Bragin). Autumn migration is taking place less noticeable (Savchenko et al, 2001). East of Yenisei common everywhere in Evenkia, except for the south. At the Angara registered only a summer meeting (Isakov, 1952). Summer meetings are known and on the river. Man in East Sayan (Shukhov, 1925) and South Tuva (Flint, 1962; collection zoomuzeya KrasGU). AS Martynov (1983) found a clutch nosy merganser of floodplain lake from the river. Tanama (Yenisei Bay). In summer gaggle of merganser rarely found in typical, and even the Arctic tundra (Vronsky, 1986). Phenology. In the area of Norilsk Lakes krohali priletayut in early June, while core is flyby of 7-9 June. Uletaet very late - in icy conditions at the beginning of October (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Naselyaet rivers, lakes, ocean bays. Nests are satisfied hidden in the dense thickets of bushes, in a recess beneath stones and trunks of trees. Nest - hole in the moss, thick dark vystlannaya down. Masonry - 7-12 pale olive eggs. A Norilsk nenasizhennye masonry found at the end of June. The young in the north appear in late July - early August, but on the wing vyvodki rise in the third decade of September (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Nutrition. At feeding usually flies by immersing in the water of the head and vysmatrivaya production. The main feed - fish feed on aquatic insects as well (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. The highest population density of species - in the southern West Taimyr, on the left bank of the lower Yenisei and Moyero-Kotuyskoy basin. It is estimated A. Martynov (1983), in the forest and extreme northern taiga breeds about 60% of the bird species in the northern taiga is concentrated 34% of provincial resource types. According to the EV Rogachevo (1988), he underestimated the number of birds inhabiting srednesibirskuyu taiga, the number of species as a whole is stable and is estimated by the model of 200 thousand individuals. References. |
