Field signs. Major, clearly distinguishable from other herons bird. The length of the wing 460-470 mm, weighing up to 1.8 kg, sometimes up to 2 kg. Spina gray, white bottom; mahovye, the band over the eye, toupee and strips of spots on the neck black. Head narrow, with long, straight, compressed laterally yellowish beak. Feet long and yellowish, takeoff awkwardly'm talking air. Wings long, wide, short tail. Flight smoother, nebystry, with slow wing-beat. In the summer of legs recline, the neck of Mr. figuratively bend. Very carefully bird. Tacitly, but during the flight produces a characteristic Creek, where it is easy to find: a loud and sharp sound like «kryank». Young chicks publish monotonous treskuchie sounds like «Cuong-ka-ka-ka» (Spangenberg, 1951). Dobyvaya food, herons stand still for long in shallow water, or a mink vole or gopher, podzhidaya extraction (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. First widely Jacks on the south edge on the waters of the steppe and forest, mostly in Khakassia, where at the beginning of the century it was usual places, as well as on lakes Chulymskoy steppes, where AF COTS in late July 1901 kamyshovyh met in the bush at the Black Lake every day for 20-30 birds (Sushkin, 1914). In Right, eastern Minusinsk depression PP Sushkina herons are not met, but found it nesting in Usinsk basin. Here herons occasionally gnezdilis so far, at least to fill the Sayano-Shushenskogo reservoir; underflooding at the mouth of the river. Constitution in spring 1982 and kept herons 6; Jun 20, 1982 received a heron on the route along the river. Constitution at the bottom of the basin Usinskoy (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).
One of the largest settlements gray herons in the region is in Krasnoturanskom boru Sydinskogo on the shores of the Gulf of Krasnoyarsk reservoir (Korovitsky et al, 1995). In Khakassia currently heron most often occurs in the floodplain forests along rivers Abakan and the White Iyus less on reservoirs Iyuso Shirinskoy-steppe (Prokofiev, 1988). According to our records usual gray heron and some reservoirs Koybalskoy steppe (Korovitsky et al, 1995). There are zalety her into the mountains. For the territory of Sayano-Shushenskogo Reserve gray heron mentioned as a rare species of nesting grassland on the terraces Yenisei and ordinary drivers biotopes bird sanctuary (Petr, Rudkovsky, 1985; Sokolov et al, 1983). We found at nesting in Gagulskoy valley (1000 m above sea level) and the lake. Oyskoe (1500 m above sea level). The presence of gray herons also found in many rivers in the northern slopes of Western Sayan. For example, single birds seen across the river channel. Kebezh, on the river. Amyl and river. Colliery (Korovitsky et al, 1995). In other parts of the south edge of heron has always been rare, but still met as a very rare species to the north to Krasnoyarsk, where she pointed KA Yudin (1952): In July 1928, a gray heron was produced on the river. Man of the Village. The bulb; have to. Esaulovo he met three herons 16-17 August 1934 and one of the birds at the same place - after 10 years in August, 1944 In the 60's on the left bank of Yenisei yuzhnotaezhnom gray heron as a rare, but are probably nesting species, is found to have. Vorozheyka in the upper Keti under 58 ° 15 'N (Moskvitin et al, 1977). 28.07.2000 city received a single bird in the vicinity of the biological station KrasGU in the valley of the river. Kacha (podtaezhnaya zone). In the middle taiga edge gray heron not nest, but known to her zalety. Thus, in 1958 in the area Vanavary to Podkamennoy Tunguska (60 ° 20 'N) EE Syroechkovsky has met the gray heron, apparently, it was zaletnaya bird. At the same latitude, but at 300 km east of the upper Lower Tunguska (Katangsky district of Irkutsk region), it found, MI Tkachenko (1937). Here, its nesting is not proven. At the end of 1987 zaletnaya gray heron found on srednetaezhnom Yenisey, to a meadow at the Village. Lebed (Tsentralnosibirsky Reserve, 62 ° N). In adjacent to the edge of the pool Vilyuya (Yakutia), gray heron in recent decades (the first zalety - in 1937) to settle to the west and north and had already made under the 64 ° N (Andreev, 1974). AY Tugarinov in its summary of birds Yenisei province gray heron does not mention (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). Habitats. Gray heron combination suitable for feeding water from open areas of wet meadows and marshes, and for nesting - beds reed, cane, flood of high bushes or trees. The major habitats of herons - are reservoirs of steppe, forest and podtaygi, ie Territory, the most modified economic activity. In Khakassia now nest on the floodplain forests along rivers and lakes with beaches and marshland reed (Prokofiev, 1987). Where herons are not intended, they are often discouraged nest colonies in parks or on the outskirts of human settlements (Spangenberg, 1951). At feeding can fly up to 10 km away from nesting - on the shore and shallow ponds, fields, meadows and steppe areas (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). Number. Everywhere is low and continues to decline, although in some years, several increases. In Khakassia, where it was most of all, it is now rare. According to S. Prokofiev for the start of the 80's. In Abakanskoy steppe August in good years the number reaches 0.7 birds per 1 km route on the banks of reservoirs, and adverse fall to less than 0.1 in Iyuso Shirinskoy-steppe August number was lower (0.2 individuals per 1 km) (Prokofiev, 1988). In the taiga zone of the province, in the upper river. Ket in the 60's to 70 km river met a maximum of 2 herons (Moskvitin et al, 1977). At Prisayanya rivers, according to our data, the number is: p. Kebezh - 0.84 osobi/10 km of coastline on the river. Amyl (from Starokopskogo ferry to the mouth of the river. Kop) and the river. Colliery - 0.31 osobi/10 km coastline. In SD. "Trehozerki (Koybalskaya steppe) postgnezdovaya number of colonies in 1992 was about 60 adults and 130 young birds. The total number of colonies in Krasnoturanskom boru in 1992 was estimated by us in 1000 individuals (200 adults and 800 young birds) (Korovitsky etc. ., 1995).   Reproduction. In the southern range gray herons often discouraged large nest colony. For this maloharakterno Siberia, Yakutia, for example, the colony does not exceed 10-20 pairs. At the beginning of the century, perhaps, nesting colony of herons have existed in Khakassia and large lakes Achinskogo county. Now places that are suitable for the colonies, there is little, and they are rare. In 1985, in the osier-poplar forest in the flood plain district. Abakan found breeding colony of 12 pairs (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). In SD. "Trehozerki" nesting colony, there were 30 nests in Krasnoturanskom boru about 160 (Korovitsky et al, 1995). In podtayge and southern taiga nests are usually arranged in the trees on the edge (on the pine, larch), the dry tops or large lateral branches. Jack slightly, in the form of an inverted cone with translucent walls, built from thin dry twigs, stalks of cane. Height has just built nests - sometimes see about 60 nests are used for several years. Gray heron - monogam has a permanent pair. Nasizhivayut two birds, but mostly female. Nasizhivanie lasted slightly less than a month. In laying - 3-7, often 4-5 greenish-blue eggs, often with large lime paint. Adult flying nestling in the Vilyue met in July (Andreev, 1974), at Keti most recent meeting on Sept. 9, 1963 (Moskvitin et al, 1977).
Terms of reproduction spread to the egg laying, they begin in April. Most birds lay eggs in late April and early May, some individuals - in June. The average size of vyvodka - 4.0 chicks, the average size of eggs (n = 6) 55.5 x 40.7 mm (Korovitsky et al, 1995). Nutrition. Pitaetsya diverse animal food (insects and their larvae, small fish, frogs and golovastiki, reptiles, rodents) (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995). In the survey we have colonies in SD. "Trehozerki" and Krasnoturanskom boru nutritional chicks marked fish. References. |
