Field signs. Bird slightly smaller jackdaw, adding the tight. The top of the head, wings and tail black, the rest kashtanovo-brown plumage with frequent white pestrinami. The bar at the end of the tail white. Beak very long and powerful. Voice - thick drawl «reezh-reezh» or «krey-krey». For nesting, as kuksha, very careful, the rest of the time - good visibility, public bird (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Plain, in good years a large bird of the plains and mountain taiga, preferably dark. In negnezdovoe time is very broad. Poslegnezdovye kochevki characteristic that may have a large magnitude (Rogacheva, 1988). Occupies the entire forest area Sayan, leaving during kochevok and treeless mountains, and steppe and forest plots predgory. In the West Sayan background kind of mountain taiga zelenomoshnyh cedar forests and listvennichnikov (Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In gnezdovoe time prefers riverine dark coniferous forests. In Minusinsk Basin in the forest and steppe of the fall during kochevok. In podtayge breeds only where there are suitable areas dark coniferous taiga; at Kozulskoy Plains - 9.4 species / km 2 (Naumov, 1960). In the southern taiga subzone kedrovka everywhere usual, but in many years and the largest in any of coniferous and mixed forests: taiga in the Lower Priangarya - 14-43 specimens / km 2 (Ravkin, 1984), probably during poslegnezdovyh kochevok. In eniseyskoy southern taiga (59-60 ° with. Rd.) Nesting numbers - 1-4, while kochevok in July - 17-24 specimens / km 2 (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In eniseyskoy average taiga (Peace) in June kedrovki rare or just common, and in July starts kochevki where the day flies above the town of 100-200 and more birds. When crop failure cedar kedrovok strength decreases rapidly (Rogacheva et al, 1978). In eniseyskoy northern taiga kedrovka sporadichno found throughout the subzone (1-6 individuals / km 2) (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). Igarki north, where there is massive kedrachey, kedrovki are common during kochevok and perhaps sometimes nest. According to information gathered by us, very rarely kedrovki fall in the autumn Hantayskoe lake. In eniseyskoy forest, apparently, no longer nest, although some birds have met us and in typical forest (Nikolskoye, 69 ° N). There is a winter zaleta kedrovki on the Yenisei in the village. Potapova (68 ° 40 'N, the southern forest) (Krechmar, 1966). About zaletah kedrovok in the mountains Putorana mention VL Zyryanov and V. Larin (1983). In the upper R. Turuhan from the village. Soviet river (66 ° 30 'N) kedrovki probably rarely nest in some good years. In autumn (every year) they come in here usually at kochevkah (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. Data on phenology slightly. In general, sedentary bird, but from the northern boreal forest for the winter otkochevyvaet in more southern areas, and in case of bad harvest pine nuts can perform far kochevki outside the clustered area. As kuksha begins to nest very early (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Under the Krasnoyarsk gnezdovoe time - the end of April - early May; in «Stolbah» sletki marked June 27 (Krutovskaya, 1958); to Pakulihe (64 ° 20 'N) AJ Tugarinov met a young cluster in the statement on 16 June. In late June the family kedrovok beginning kochevat, joined in flocks of 10-20 birds (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. All year stay in different woods, preferably - taiga type and with the cedar. Spring revitalization and building nests occur even with full snow cover. Couples territorial and usually live no closer than several hundred meters from one another. A nest constructed female and male together in a tree, at very different altitudes, prefer coniferous trees. Are unusual nest on the ground, on rocks and even hunting izbushke. The nest is great, almost crow, but with little deep tray, constructed of thin branches, lichen, Luba fibers, grass and other plant material. Lining the tray varies - from Luba fibers, wool, grass, feathers, lichens, mosses, some nest under the litter layer to find land or wood rot. Masonry consists of 2-5, 3-4 more eggs. Their color - from bright, almost white to green, more often than not - a pale green or bluish-greenish, brown spots are usually small, and their little eggs look very bright . Rarely is dense opyatnennost or its almost complete absence - just a few krapinok, a light veil of petty sypi or dust. The size of eggs 30-38 x 21-28 mm. Nasizhivanie begins with otkladki 1 st or 2 nd eggs and lasts for 17-19 days. Sit alternately male and female. A nest behave carefully, quietly. The young sit in the nest 3-4 weeks, the parents are feeding them in the hypoglossal bag (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Basis food - pine nuts and insects. Young feeding peeled kernels pine nuts. Also, eat, and others, a variety of seeds, cherry fruit, berries of all kinds, with the event - polevok, small birds, their eggs and chicks , Offal. Summer is based nutrition accounted for insects, but since mid-August, the birds are moving to food pine nuts. And if the harvest cedar small, the kedrovki in a few days can «lift» its entirety. Since mid-August kedrovki begin to store nuts for the winter in special «stores» (under pnyami, the roots of trees, etc.). In winter, they are unmistakably their stores, excavating them from under the snow, if its depth does not exceed thirty-six see gathering nuts, poultry sends them not only in the stomach, but in a special hypoglossal bag, which once included, according to various researchers, From 50 to 120 nuts. Zakapyvaya nuts, kedrovka spread cedar (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
