Field signs. Melky horse (weight 21-23 y.). Top olive-gray with brown pestrinami. Bottom of white on the sides, chest and large dark pestriny. The rear claw relatively short, curved. In nature, apparently indistinguishable from the grasslands, spotted and Siberian skates, but easy to spot on the current flight: male, ranging song, fly from the tree, and cool aircraft coming up, then falls to another hollow tree, finishing the song a "vskrikami." Song: loud "M & A-cip-cip-BIA-BIA-BIA-BIA." Creek - a short "op-op-IT. Can sing and sitting on the tops of trees (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Widespread European appearance clarified a variety of forests, far from infiltrators in Siberia. In Central Siberia numerous species of diluted forests steppe zones, forest, podtaygi (Rogacheva, 1988).
In Sayanah probably occurs almost everywhere in clarified and mixed hardwood forests, where many or custom, as well as listvennichnikah; avoided only closed dark forest where the nest on the edge; in the basin of the river. Big Ury found as a normal appearance in the mountain woodlands (podgoltsovy zone) and even ernikovyh mountain tundra (Yanushevich, Yurlov, 1950; Kim, 1977; Prokofiev, 1987, etc.). At disturbed sites taiga (gari, cuttings) and valleys of large rivers are deeply penetrates the taiga zone. As we have seen Yenisei to the north almost to the polar circle (Angutiha, 66 o 10 'N). At avoids nesting area of taiga habitat, preferring lesolugovye plots floodplain Yenisei and any clarified forests, including ryamy to verhovyh swamps. Everywhere nest in the southern and middle eniseyskoy taiga, but in the southern taiga its strength is significantly higher. Mnogochislen for nesting and the southern part of the middle taiga (Vorogovo), north (Peace, Alinskoe) only common, sometimes rare. In the northern taiga on the Yenisey - a rare nesting birds, at least until 66 o N In Evenkia in the middle taiga forest horse is not found everywhere, even in the valley Podkamennoy Tunguska - for example, is not marked EE Syroechkovskim around Baykita and Poligusa, but the meeting OA Chernikova a Village. Right-Chunya and Mutoray (Rogacheva, 1988). In the lower Podkamennoy Tunguska forest horse rarely met marshes to open with redkostoynym woods consists of pineries (Tarkovsky, oral communication op. Rogacheva in 1988). In srednetaezhnoy part of the valley of the Lower Tunguska (63 o N), near the border middle and northern taiga, OA Chernikov in 1986 found him at the usual nesting (Rogacheva, 1988). Downstream Lower Tunguska already in the northern taiga (64 o 30 'N) in the lower reaches of the river. Kochechum 5 August, 1978 nomadic gaggle skates were met at the public riding gari (Vakhrushev, Vahrusheva, 1987). Habitats. Naselyaet very different forest habitats, but most numerous on the fringe, in rare mixed forests with a grassy surface (even higher, but not thick), with not very dense understory. Settle for felling, which left bushes and trees in the forest chopping. In the mountains rise to the waist bush tundra. In the steppe zone have settled in the floodplain forests, the meadows, pastures and fallow with at least a few bushes and (or) individual trees. In the plains the Siberian taiga most prefer fragmented forest mid-and southern taiga type, as well as verhovye swamps with isolated or rare trees and shrubs (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Spring passage of Krasnoyarsk at the end of April - the first decade of May, masonry finishes in the first decade of June, a massive appearance sletkov in the second decade of July, the autumn staenie - since early August departure - September (Yudin, 1952; Krutovskaya, 1958).   Reproduction. Jack always on the ground, a relatively bright spot in a forest glade, or at most in open areas in the grass, far from the trees and bushes. On top of the slot covered tree, hemp, tall grass. This suite of thin blades, sometimes - with roots and horsehair, from the outside can be vpleten moss. In laying usually 4-6 eggs. Coloring eggs is extremely varied, from white to light-colored bloom and small specks to light brown, pale purple or gray, patterned in the form of sypi, mottle, spots of different contrast and sharpness, brown, gray, purple, brown, to almost black color. The size of eggs 18-24 x 14-17 mm. Female nasizhivaet, starting with 3-4-th eggs over 11-14 days. At times it feed down. From leaving the nest and then takes off, returning the same foot. In danger of either going in advance or cork and vyletaet almost from under the feet. A nest with kladkoy secretly, after hatching chicks are very troubled. In a stew sit on the branches, flit from tree to tree, flit through the air. The young vyluplyayutsya covered with long dark gray down, mouth orange, klyuvnye rollers light yellow. Sitting in the nest 10-13 days, leaving him still not umeya fly. Usually two vyvodka for the summer - perhaps in the whole area (Ryabitsev, 2001).
Nutrition. Pitaetsya small invertebrates, in late summer as seeds maryannika, sedge, etc. (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
