Field signs. Slightly fewer mallard (680-1100 g). Spindly neck. The tail is long, shilopodobny (local name "vostrohvost"). Beak and legs dark gray. The flight quickly and easily. Floating, vzdernuv sharp tail. Nyryaet reluctantly. Voice male - screams "fyurr fyurr ... ..." quiet and tuneful whistle, female thick quack (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Very politopna - found in all types of landscapes, where there is water and open areas needed for nesting. YA Isakov (1952) finds that the pintail most numerous in the forest-tundra zone, but for Central Siberia is not entirely true. Here pintail most numerous in the north, particularly in the extreme northern taiga. For example, mnogoozernom, the so-called kaltusnom, landscape on the Yenisey (at the Village. Angutiha) Teal up to 80% of nesting ducks (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1965).
Rather common pintail and in the forest, near Norilsk Lakes, at Hantayskom Lake and north, up to the boundary of the forest in the origins of Pyasiny. In the bush tundra at the mouth of Dudypty she has found much less frequently in the upper Pury small, but the north does not nest (Krechmar, 1966). In the tundra everywhere is rare, although more prevalent north of the river ducks. Typically, pintail another nest to the north in the subzone bush tundra, and often in the southern strip of typical tundra - where there is a thicket ernika or curb aquatic vegetation around the lake to protect the nests (Vronsky, 1986). The northern border clustered range Teal passes in the West Taimyr in the pool Pury (Kokorev, 1983) (perhaps in some years duck breeds and the Ust-Tarei) (Yurlov, 1982), the Central Taimyr - in the basin of the river. Upper Taimyr (Pavlov et al, 1983), the East Taimyr - south of the river basin. Bikady, where only the pintail occur kochevkah (Matyushenkov, 1979, 1983). Since the beginning of August nomadic gaggle Teal appeared in the West Taimyr and subzone in the Arctic tundra (Vronsky, 1986). In the middle taiga pintail more usual, but the nest to a much smaller number than in the northern taiga. In the southern taiga and podtayge rare, although the nest elsewhere. In Minusinsk Basin usual nesting species (Prokofiev, 1987). On the south region (including the Yenisei district and the Angarsk group areas) pintail in August, took second place after the mallard (11,3%), while taking into account the proportion of migratory birds (August-October) fell in the first place, at least 15% of all ducks . Typical river duck river basin Syma, Casa, Katy. Relatively few in floodplains and is usually on lake-Marsh Landscape watershed. In 1988, May 17-22 form Chirkov-svistunkom and sviyazyu dominant group. At selected sites starits Forest Lakes and its density greater than 198 birds of 10 km of coastline. The average density for the entire duration of passage across the floodplain Syma spring of 1997 averaged - 1,82 ± 0,35 individuals / km 2, staynost - 4.0 beings. At nesting in the flood plain of Middle Syma relatively rare, more common on the mainland forest lakes and gryadovo-Ozerkovskaya Marsh complexes. In August, marked a number of highly-productive habitats floodplain. Sometimes, especially in large shallow priustevyh pleso some tributaries, are concentrations of up to 50-100 ducks. By early September, "local" birds become markedly less. The number is increasing with the start of autumn migrations, which fall due in late September - early October. Among ducks, extracted 20-25 September 1996, its share did not exceed 10%. In 1998, at the same time, the density of the upper section of the river. Syma (b. Alsym - r. Irapchima) does not exceed 1.6 animals per 10 km. Later, 26-29 September, it was the most ordinary of the river ducks, pintail density places reached 80 animals in the river 10 km (Savchenko et al, 2001). As a result of its koltsevaniya on the lakes of Northern Kazakhstan and Southern West Sibiri found that WestSiberia population is fairly broad area of the Ural Mountains to the basin of Lena. It is worth noting the location of the main meetings of birds tagged in the Yenisei basin. Most of them are in area located north of latitude 60 o. However, the direct return of Teal from the Novosibirsk region, Okol'covannaja 9 August, 1988 in the Valley Yenisei (56.29 N 93.15 E), suggests that foreign participation in the south. In this connection becomes uncertain origin Teal, flying through the Central Asian immigration, where almost everywhere in the waters of Khakassia and Tuva especially pintail - the most numerous river duck. It can be assumed that through the territory of flying birds is not from the north edge, but mainly from the north-east, including the Angara river basins and tributaries to the left of Lena. Such a distribution of migration flows to find an explanation of a low intensity movements duck in the valley of the Middle Yenisei, where the results Instrumental-optical observations it has 2.3 times less than over the valley Syma. Bimodal seasonal movements in the valley Yenisei is reflected, as in medium-azimuth, and the ratios direction that characterize migration duck (Savchenko et al, 2001). Habitats. Characteristically, in contrast to the wild duck and sviyazi - mostly residents of river valleys and flood waters - pintail widely occupies marshes and lakes watershed spaces taiga and the forest. Particularly, she likes the open lake, marsh landscapes of northern woodlands. There is a zonal region optimum for Teal. In addition, pintail willingly selitsya in the flood plain and Yenisei rivers (Rogacheva, 1988). Phenology. Priletaet at 5-10 days later quack. Under the Krasnoyarsk appear in early May, the mass is flyby few days later. The Peace (Turuhansky district) appears in the first decade of May, at Hantayskom lake and under the Norilsk - in late May, and the gross passage here is usually in early June. In the tundra at Pyasine, at the mouth of Dudypty first bird appear June 5-6. The first podletki-chicks in the area of Norilsk appear on the twentieth of August. Gross autumn passage of Krasnoyarsk at the end of September. In the area of Norilsk Lakes departure begins in late August and lasts the entire September, mass transit - 15-25 September (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). At the district. Sym arrives in late April - early May. In this period, pintail ducks kind of background is in the middle stream of the river. The massive passage is in the flood rivers. Period mass passage in 1996 has passed since 27 September and 3 October. Reservoirs Basin Syma pintail withdrew completely by mid-October (Savchenko et al, 2001). Reproduction. Jacks are often far from water. Nest - accurate hole in the moss, almost without lining, which as egg laying down there. A Norilsk lakes begin to nasizhivaniyu 18-25 June, hatching chicks - July 10-20. Masonry - 8-10 white with yellowish or olive hue eggs (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Meals mixed, as with all river ducks, but in the north in the diet dominated by animal feed and to the south - plant. Through a long neck to feed deeper field than any other river ducks (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Number. According to AS Martynov (1983), zonal distribution of resources Teal as a whole for the province relatively evenly: Arctic tundra - 2% typical tundra - 33%, forest - 11%, "predtaezhnye" (very-severotaezhnye) habitat - 22%, severotaezhnye - 33 % Yuzhnotaezhnye - 10%. The average estimate total Teal in the province in the fall of 1978-1981 biennium. (according to the same author) - 920 thousand birds. The number generally stable, although it is the most cyclical fluctuations than other types of river ducks (Rogacheva, 1988). References. |
