Field signs. Velichinoy with some pigeon. Coloring mostly dark gray, black wings and tail, with a metal otlivom. The back of the head from the eyes to zasheyka light gray. Eyes bluish-white. Male and female painted the same way. Young like adults, little different mat, without shine, burovatym (particularly the bottom), plumage. The weight 175-290 g, 30-39 cm in length, wing 22,0-25,5 cm, the magnitude of 65-74 see Creek loud, very clean and pleasant: "kai", "kyaa", "kyarr", "ke -ke, etc. (Ryabitsev, 2001). Distribution. Normal nesting birds in southern central Siberia. Unlike the European galok srednesibirskie are not clearly expressed sinantropnymi birds and nest primarily in the rocks, rare in the hollows and buildings rights. Sometimes form large colonies. One of these colonies mention EA Krutovskoy (1958): rock the right district. Bazaihi front of the mouth Synzhula (Rogacheva, 1988). Apparently, in the plains Minusinsk depression strength galok insignificant (Prokofiev, 1987): In Koybalskoy steppe nesting is not proved (Bezborodov, 1979). SM Prokofiev (personal communication) indicates a high number of galok in Iyusskoy forest, the forest planting 20 to 30 years of age (up to 940 birds / km 2). By KA Yudin (1952), until 1932, jackdaw in the mass Jacks on the rocks predgory from Krasnoyarsk, but then two or three years their number has declined sharply, and they have almost disappeared from many ordinary places for them. In the mountain taiga, apparently infiltrated little . There is an indication of EA Krutovskoy (1958) that jackdaw nest in the reserve "poles" in the basin of the river. Mana. In the Sayano-Shushenskoye Reserve daw marked only as a rare bird of mixed forests in river valleys (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). Features of the spread of galok in podtayge not entirely clear. They otmocheny in May - the beginning of nyunya in deciduous forests Kozulskoy plains (9.4 species / km 2) (Naumov, 1960). In the basin of the river. Floodplain daw usually birch (2 specimens / km 2), rare in the fields, alternating with birch Kolk (0,9) and very rare in the townships (0.07 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). However, the DV Vladyshevsky indicates that there has been an increase in the number of galok podtayge (northern lesopole "), for example Bolshemurtinskom area. The reasons for these changes in concentration galok inadequate and uncertain. TA Kim (1959) notes jackdaw as nesting species upstream river. Kemi (p. Zakem, Matveevka, Varakovka) (Rogacheva, 1988). In poslegnezdovoe time daw numerous in the southern taiga upper river. Keti (villages Komarovka, Turuhanka): In July the fields and human settlements wander flocks of 80-500 birds, where fields disappear and end jackdaw (Moskvitin et al, 1977). In the lower Priangare in general is rare and is also associated only with towns and farmland (an average of 2 nd half of May - June 0,1 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin, 1984). In eniseyskoy southern taiga (59-60 ° N) jackdaw sporadichno nest in the flood plain Yenisei (Kolmogorov island) and in the townships and Kolmogorov Pogodaevo of high buildings; Kolmogorovskom on the island in June amounted to 22 the number of galok special / km 2 (Bursky , Vakhrushev, 1983). At srednetaezhnom Enisee (Komsa, Peace), we met galok only in spring, usually early in April, but in some years, some birds kept at mirnovskoy clearing until mid-June. In srednetaezhnoy Evenkia in the 2 nd half of May 1958 daw met several times on the shores of Podkamennoy Tunguska in the vicinity of village. Chamba (60 ° 25 'N). According to the survey, there is a jackdaw in the village. Vanavara. There is a very rare zalet jackdaw in the tundra of the Yenisei Gulf (Tugarinov, 1927). Most srednesibirskih galok fly away for the winter south of the limits of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Only a small number of birds that are "sinantropny" way of life, remains a winter with voronami of Krasnoyarsk and Minusinsk Basin (Rogacheva, 1988). Habitats. Obitayut as close to humans, and in natural habitats. The main condition for nesting - the availability of shelters. In the natural environment is hollow, cracks and niches in the rocks or among rocks, holes, dug in the cliff roller and by daw. There may occupy the old nest forty crows, rooks. In the cities are all sorts of niches and cavities in the stone buildings, arranged in the beams and perekrytiyah in the shops, at the attics, under bridges. Like all kinds of pipes, ruins. In the open steppes daw employed many reinforced concrete pillars, power lines, hollow inside. Can a single nesting pairs, groups and these colonies. And settled in grachinyh colonies (Ryabitsev, 2001). Reproduction. Gnezdovoy material - branches (even in the hollows and burrows), grass tray lining mainly wool, as well as feathers, hemp, paper, cloths, sewing, etc. In laying 3-7, often 4-6 eggs. Their color pale blue or greenish, more frequently - almost white, with contrasting dark brown spots, usually small and rare. Sometimes almost entirely white, with a few specks from the blunt end. There is usually a small and dense krap to yaytsu. Dimensions eggs 30-40 x 23-27 mm. Nasizhivanie begin in different ways, usually prior to the completion of the wall, or even 1 st eggs. Nasizhivaet female, male is to feed into hypoglossal bag. The duration of incubation of 17-20 days. Young nurse together. Do chicks short and rare gray fluff, mouth violet-pink, klyuvnye rollers pale yellow. Leave the nest at the age of 28-32 days, up to the wing in the 35-37 day (only Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Nutrition mixed. Animal food - insects and other invertebrates collected in the fields, meadows, orchards. In the case of catch rodents, lizards, chicks. As a plant food most often include the seeds of cultural grains, berries, fruits, vshody. Feed also carrion, and in the cities - mostly otbrosami (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
