Birds that are relevant to this group, got its name for a kind of device nostrils offered in the form of trubochek located on the ridge nadklyuvya or on its side. Seabirds are very different sizes - the size of starlings to swan. At the warehouse body similar to the gulls. Excellent fly, some good and long may steam, while others fly only active flight. Can swim, few are able to dive. Jacks on sea shores, more colonies in open spaces or in crack rocks. Lay only one egg. Outside the nesting period, wander over the seas, often at great distances. Food: marine invertebrates, fish, some hischnichayut or scavengers, otbrosami kitoboynogo and fishing. In Russia, met representatives of three families of the four existing (Ivanov, Shtegman, 1978).

Family Albatrosovye Diomedeidae

Very large oceanic birds. The wing is relatively narrow and long (secondary makhovaya feathers over 33), perfectly suited for long-term Guy in the rising air currents, waves reflected from the surface. Took off from the flat surface of albatrosses can not take off either from the crest of a wave, with a steep bank. Swim well, almost plunging into the water, diving can not. In contrast, petrels and kachurok well walk on the earth. Jacks on the islands, usually colonies. Build nests of grass and earth in the open field. In laying a single egg. Chick in the nest holds up to 5, while the largest species - to 9-10 months. Young birds in color markedly different from adults and put the final detail only after 2-4 years. Meal - fish, shellfish cephalopoda (squid) and other marine invertebrates. In the waters of Russia are representatives of only one kind: albatross Diomedea L., 1758 (Ivanov, Shtegman, 1978):

Belospinny albatross Diomedea albatrus Pallas, 1769
Temnospinny albatross Diomedea immutabilis Rothschild, 1893
Chernonogy albatross Diomedea nigripes Audubon, 1839

Family Burevestnikovye Procellariidae

The average poultry (exception - giant petrel, living in Subantarktike). Wing narrow, long (secondary makhovaya feathers less than 30). Fly alternating active flight with wing-beat frequency sliding in the air for extended wings, some large petrels may be strong wind steam over the waves. Few species are able to dive, however, most only slightly submerged in water with a raid in pursuit of prey. On the ground moving with difficulty, with the bobbin and fingers. Nest on the shores of the seas, some species live in the mountains for tens of kilometers from the sea. During the breeding certain types of emerging from nests only at night so that their presence can be detected only by voices. The only lay eggs without litter in the hole, crack the rock or rocks at the eaves (silly). Young birds are similar in color with adult birds. The food - fish, marine invertebrates, the waste of marine fisheries. Many species of petrels (especially young birds) are quite edible meat and serve the target (Ivanov, Shtegman, 1978).

Besides mentioned in the list of silly Fulmarus glacialis Linnaeus, 1761 in the fauna of Russia are:

Boniysky tayfunnik Pterodroma hypoleuca (Salvin, 1888)
Colorful tayfunnik Pterodroma inexpectata (JR Forster, 1844)
Tayfunnik Solandra Pterodroma solandri (Gould, 1844)
Pestrolitsy petrel Calonectris leucomelas (Temminck, 1835)
Small petrel Puffinus puffinus (Brunnich, 1764)
Blednonogy petrel Puffinus carneipes Gould, 1844
The Gray petrel Puffinus griseus Gmelin, 1789
Mutton bird Puffinus tenuirostris (Temminck, 1835)
Bullerov petrel Puffinus bulleri Salvin, 1888

Family Kachurkovye Hydrobatidae

Minor (with starlings or large thrush) seabirds are in the structure and way of life much in common with burevestnikovymi. Coloring gray or brown. Wings relatively short (secondary feathers makhovaya 13). Flying can only active flight with wing-beat frequency; very often kachurkovye fly flickering flight, sometimes even referring to lapami crest of a wave. Can swim, but not nyryayut. On land, as burevestnikovye, moving with difficulty, with the bobbin and the ends of the fingers. During reproduction of the nests appear only at night. The only lay eggs in holes or crack the rock. Young birds are similar in color with adults. Food - mainly planktonic organisms, which catch from the surface layers of water (Ivanov, Shtegman, 1978).

In Russia fauna found:

Pryamohvostaya kachurka Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758)
North kachurka Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Viellot, 1817)
Low kachurka Oceanodroma monorhis (Swinhoe, 1867)
Sizaya kachurka Oceanodroma furcata (Gmelin, 1789)
Madeyrskaya kachurka Oceanodroma castro (Hercourt, 1851)

References.