Field signs. Bird larger than the sparrow (weight 32-34 grams). A male black cap, wings and tail, bluish-gray back, nadhvoste, podhvoste and streak across the wing of white, red bottom. For females and young red replaced burovato-gray, the latter is not and black cap. Creek - tuneful whistle uniform ( "fyu-fyu"). In gnezdovoe being secretive, cautious bird (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).  Distribution. Widespread bird deaf High taiga, the most numerous in the southern taiga and podtayge (Rogacheva, 1988).
In Minusinsk Basin bullfinch - a rare nesting and wintering normal type (Prokofiev, 1987). Kedrovnikah slot in the high-altitude, slope listvyagah and mixed forests in the valleys pek (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In the basin of the river. Big Ury in late June and early July was typical in the highlands kedrovnikah (3 specimens / km 2) and cedar woodlands with Curtina location cedars (5); occasionally met in the cedar-larch forests of slopes (0.6 species / km 2) ( Prokofiev, 1987a). In East Sayan dissemination bullfinch similar (Tugarinov, 1913; Krutovskaya, 1958; Kim, 1961). In podtayge in the basin of the Greater Kemchuga in May-June bullfinch was the third-largest type of dark taiga birds (72 species / km 2) in a mixed-svetlohvoynyh and deciduous forests was hardly typical (1.6 species / km 2) (Naumov, 1960 ). It was common in early summer at Kemi in the dark and mixed forests (Kim, 1959). In the basin of the river. Floodplain in poslegnezdovoe the most common was in the spruce-fir forests (5 individuals / km 2), often fall in the villages (9), and kept in birch, and cosnyakah (2 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987 ). In the southern taiga on the Yenisey (59-60 ° N) is typical, many places; nest in the forest (mostly dark and coniferous-deciduous) developed longline structure. In the north sub (60 ° 10 'N), it was the most in mixed forests of high floodplain (13 animals / km 2) in 1975 and 17 in 1977), lower Eniseyskom edge in the valley taiga ( 5 and 13 individuals / km 2), and even less in low (2 and 8 individuals / km 2). In the south subzone (59 ° -59 ° 25 'N), the average nesting numbers equal to 13 special / km 2 (Bursky , Vakhrushev, 1983). In the lower Priangare in pihtachah many (12-16 animals / km 2), is typical of burnt pihtachah, small-leaf forests and listvyagah (3-8 individuals / km 2) (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976; Syroechkovsky etc. ., 1978). In the middle taiga in the Yenisey numerous in all forest habitats (12 animals / km 2), except for the recent garey and forests, totally deprived of underbrush and undergrowth - here it is common (3-7 individuals); maximal strength in Cedar aspen-coniferous taiga with adolescents and sparse understory of mountain ash (19 animals / km 2). An average of 9 years, the Yenisei in the valley of the Peace - 11 in the river basin. Varlamovki-6 individuals / km 2. In some years (1982) summer, many negnezdyaschihsya birds. In the northern taiga on the Yenisey bullfinch - rare in places normal view. In 1977 the number was highest in dark taiga (2 specimens / km 2); after nesting by the end of July it had increased threefold (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the northern taiga Evenkia has not been detected. Few meetings bullfinch possible in extreme northern taiga in the upper Turuhana; 23 June, 1978, we saw one of the birds in the spruce-birch lines from the village. Soviet river (66 ° 45 'N, the southern forest) (Rogacheva et al, 1987). Habitats. Slot in a variety of coniferous and mixed forests, most often - in rare, with a good, desirable - elovym, adolescents. There may settle in the park and arboretum (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Most of the province for the winter otkochevyvaet to the south, but some birds still winter and by Krasnoyarsk. Data on phenology little. At the "pillars" sletki in the mountainous taiga - July 9-27. In the winter here most of the bullfinch kochuet in the foothills, where the winters around fruit & berry state farm and towns. Back in the office of nesting prikochevyvaet in late March - April (Krutovskaya, 1958). Since mid-October under the Krasnoyarsk beginning to appear gaggle bullfinch, roving from the north (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Slot in the coniferous and mixed forests, preferring sites with a predominance of spruce. The nest bowl, several Flattened forms, made of closely interlocking thin spruce and other dry branches and grass stalks. Tray vystlan soft plant material with some small quantity of wool and feathers. Sometimes the exterior walls are moss and lichen. The nest is usually located in dense spruce branches to lateral branches, often far from the trunk at a height of 2-5 meters from the ground. More rarely, it is located on the pine, birch, high juniper bushes. Diameter nests 110-200 mm, the height of the nest 40-80 mm in diameter tray 70-100 mm, the depth of the tray 35-60 mm (Mikheyev, 1996). In laying 4-7, often 5-6 eggs. They are very bright, pale bluish or bluish-zelenovatye, with a few small spotted a dark-brown color and deep - a reddish-brown, sometimes there are curls and lines. Dimensions eggs 17-23 x 14-16 mm. Nasizhivaet female 12-14 days from the last otkladki eggs. Male female feeding on the nest. Fed chicks in the nest two adult birds 12-16 days. The young with thick and long dark gray down, mouth pink or red on the sides of the pharynx - a dark red or purple, klyuvnye rollers pale yellow or yellow (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Feeds on seeds of trees, weeds, a variety of berries and fruits, fewer insects (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
