Field signs. Bird the size of a sparrow. Netolsty beak. The wings and tail of black and brown on the sides of the tail and white stripes on the shoulders. Male spring and summer, the upper gray-blue head, back chestnut, black forehead, low red-brown. In autumn the top of the head burovaty. Female and young burovato-gray bottom lighter. Creek - calls pinkane, sometimes finch "ryumyat: publish a short trill, similar to the trill of child whistle. Song - a very loud "ascending" trill with a sharp "stroke" at the end, like "fit-fit-la-la-vi-chiu-kick (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Distribution. Bird European clarified and mixed hardwood forests, settle to the east. For the first time in the edge marked PP Sushkina (1914) from the village. Daurskoy on the Yenisey between Krasnoyarsk and Minusinskom. Then, in an area of Krasnoyarsk, KA Yudin (1952) in May 1944 and 1945. In light birch on the left bank of Yenisei. In spring 1946, singing finch marked the first time in the reserve "poles" in 1955 finch has become the usual kind of reserve (Krutovskaya, 1958). In the 1955-1958 biennium. TA Kim (1957, 1959a) found a finch north and east of Krasnoyarsk, in the Krasnoyarsk and Kanskoy forest and Khakassia have to. Efremkino Shirinskogo area. Robert L. Naumov and TE Burkovskaya (1959) found him at 45 kilometers above the Krasnoyarsk on the Yenisei and Achinskom area. Zyablikov in May 1956, seen from the village. MEPC (61 ° 50'c ..) (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1958). Over recent decades, finch area in Central Siberia has increased. Currently, the Minusinsk Basin is a regular nesting species clarified on the edge of taiga forests, mainly birch and woods consists of pineries. In prieniseyskoy of the West Sayan finch common at nesting clarified in the forests of river valleys and pine Boram on Terraces Yenisei and rare in slope listvyagah (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985). In the basin of the river. Big Ury common in lowland spruce-deciduous forests (4 specimens / km 2), in lowland woods consists of pineries array (2) and slope listvennichnikah (1 specimen / km 2) (Prokofiev, 1987a). In Usinskoy Basin in 1981 and 1982. Was the usual nesting species in the riverine forest on the valley Usa; rarely met in the slope larch forests (Rogacheva, 1988). In the forest everywhere common in birch and pine groves borah. The park Krasnoyarsk Akademgorodka - about 80 individuals / km 2. In podtayge in the basin of the Greater Kemchuga been numerous in the deciduous (16 animals / km 2) and svetlohvoyno-deciduous forests (12) and the Common in the dark stands (6.2 species / km 2) (Naumov, 1960). In the basin of the river. Kem rare (Kim, 1959). In the basin of the river. Floodplain were numerous in birch (11 animals / km 2) and typical in the pine forests and birch Kolk (3 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). In the southern taiga in the Yenisey generally rare. Naselyaet, usually only a fringe of rich forests, mainly in the 200-meter strip along the Yenisei (in terms of length of the coast - about one pair of 5-10 km) in hvoyno-listvennom the forest from Pogodaeva (59 ° N) and high floodplain of the Yenisei Fomki (60 ° 10 'N), which clarified stations have not only along the River Yenisey, nesting numbers equaled in 1977 in the first case, 10 , The second 12 special / km 2 (in 1975 at Fomki - only 2 individuals / km 2) (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the upper Keti found in the riverine forests and leaf vremennikam (Moskvitin et al, 1977). In the lower Priangare in the pine forests on the southern slopes of the Angara - 27, Berezovo-aspen forests - 0,8 individuals / km 2 (Vladyshevsky, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976). At the district. Chune was common in lesobolotnyh complexes with sosnoy (6-7 individuals / km 2), the redinah and fresh felling in the pine-birch forests (2 specimens / km 2) (Ravkin, 1984). At the Angara at Motygina finch common, many in the riverine forests to logging, old garyam, especially at high river islands, where the 1 km route accounted for up to 3-4 pairs: in the basin of the river. Taseevoy nest in the watershed forests. In zaangarskuyu taiga almost did not penetrate (Syroechkovsky et al, 1987). In the middle taiga in the Yenisey nest unit. In Vorogove (61 ° c.sh.) proved nesting in the dark riverine forest (Rogacheva et al. 1978). The Peace for many years there was only zalety finch. Currently, proved the identity, but the successful nesting on the fringe of riverine fir groves near the village (Rogacheva, 1988). Habitats. Inhabit a wide variety of woods, from small aspen-birch poignantly to solid hardwood, mixed and coniferous forests. Avoid dark elnikov and lush river uremia. Selyatsya in parks and often - in town squares (Ryabitsev, 2001). Phenology. Data on phenology little. Under the Krasnoyarsk arrives in the first half of May. Mountain taiga "Sign" finch appear from 19 April to 14 May, building nests - May 15, sletki - July 2 (Krutovskaya, 1958). There Divnogorska flying young - July 11 (Naumov, Burkovskaya, 1959). Perhaps a finch in the province is a clutch (for the most part range - 2 masonry) (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). Reproduction. Nest suit on trees of different species at different altitudes from the ground: from 1.5 to 15 meters, but more often at a height of 2-4 meters on deciduous trees (birch or aspen) puts the nest at the base of the lateral branches, outgoing chief of the barrel ; To elyah or pine - usually on a horizontal line of needles away from the trunk, less near the main trunk. Nest finch - a very skilful construction, which is a dense deep cup, put most of the dry blades, thin prutikov and moss. The exterior walls of the nest lined with lichens, Berest, pieces of bark and vegetation komochkami Pooh. All the building material countersigned threads firmly web, making the wall a greater density. Litter in the nest of feathers, wool, sometimes from the golden threads peduncles Kukushkina flax. Facing great camouflages the nest, and found it to the background of the bark of pine trees or not easy. The diameter of the nest 90-105 mm, the height of the nest 50-80 mm in diameter tray 50-70 mm in depth tray 30-50 mm (Mikheyev, 1996). Immure 4-7, usually 5 eggs. Their color is very diverse: the background a reddish-brown, violet-gray, bluish or greenish, reddish-brown stains, brown or violet-brown color of varying density. Characterized by dark spots with blurred edges, there are commas, curls, from volosovidnye. Best options for almost white, with very few small spotted. The size of eggs 17-23 x 13-17 mm. Nasizhivaet only female after otkladki eggs during the last 11-13 days. Male continues to sing and regularly feeding the female. The young are covered with long light-gray down, the mouth red, white klyuvnye rollers. Nurse male and female 11-14 days in the nest and a few days after the departure dokarmlivayut (Ryabitsev, 2001). Nutrition. Feed their young insects and their larvae, spiders, which bleed from the trees, bushes, less - on the ground. In the summer diet of adult birds, too, mostly animal feed. But eating and plant foods, and the young have mild kidney, berries and seeds. By the fall of herbal feed default. This is a hayseed, coniferous (collected on the ground), from berries also choose the seeds and flesh thrown (Ryabitsev, 2001). References. |
