Field signs. Large Kulik, mostly white, upper head, neck and black stripes on the wings. Feet long, bluish, black beak long, slender, curved upwards. Most went into the water. Good flies, almost plunging. Sometimes, standing on the shore, lowered to "kneel" (sit on the whole foot). The voice - a sonorous "cli-and-cli" or "Kuik-Kuik."  Distribution. It was believed that the spread avocet in the region is uneven and discontinuous, which probably was the cause of determination of its status as a vanishing species (Rogacheva, 1988; Syroechkovsky et al, 1995). At the beginning of XX century. an isolated area of steppe habitat Minusinsk depression existed in two spots: avocet gnezdilis on an extensive system of bitter-salty lake near Lake. Shira and salt lakes along the northern and north-western suburbs Abakanskoy steppes and further up the river. Abakan before with. Askiz (Sushkin, 1914). Not every year avocet slots and on the lake. Tagarskom under Minusinskom city, which was produced with the female egg in the oviduct (Sushkin, 1914). Known zalet large flocks shiloklyuvok of Krasnoyarsk 20-21 May 1910 - around with. Torgashinskogo and on. Tatysheva (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). Data collected over the past 20 years, and their comparison with the above material suggest that the stability of Abakan-Minusinsk groups shiloklyuvok. The current northern boundary grounds passes for 55 o N, south - of the state border. Individual meetings and occasional nesting shiloklyuvok can mark and the north. Thus, single individuals, we have seen in the lake. Sulfate Uzhurskogo area and Kanskoy forest from Noshinskogo pond (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). In the Tuva avocet dwells on the lakes Hadyn, Dus-Hol, Tore-Hol, Shara-Nur, Ubsu-Nur, Cheder (Baranov, 1991).
Habitats. Shiloklyuvka inside Prieniseyskoy Siberia zaselyaet Bank of salt and brackish lakes, mostly saline, less sand, and in some cases, sand and rocky. Saltmarshes on which the nests can be as dry or firebox. Typically banks selected for nesting, no vegetation or she represented sparse shrub solyanok and on a hill - the coastal vegetation (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Phenology. Avocet first spring priletayut in Khakassia and in the surrounding waters in mid-April (April 18-25), while in Tuva they appear in early May. Perhaps this discrepancy in time due to various migratory routes and territorial connection birds. Based on the return Okol'covannaja at Lake. Ulug-Kohl avocet it can be argued that in the South Minusinskuyu hollow these birds priletayut not from the south and the west. After raising young on the wing avocet are combined in large flocks and are beginning to move inland waters steppe zone. Fly off in the second-third decade of August (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). The Pakistani wintering the earliest migrants appear in late August (Kozlov, 1961). Reproduction. Shiloklyuvki - monogamy. Sparse nesting colonies in proximity to the river tern, Travnik, a small and sea zuykami (Kutyanina et al, 1997). The size of the colonies ranging from a few to several dozen nests. Nesting numbers of the last decade of May after the pairs nesting sites and consolidate. The nest is pit, lining a bit more accessible to birds material, which meets in a radius of no more than 5 meters from the slot. At the wet ground nest can rise above the earth at 7-10 cm and has a conical shape. Laying there in the first half of May, but the timing of nesting is very stretched, and vary from year to year. In mid-July, may meet as a young flight, and 2-3-day puhovichki. Masonry from 2-5, in 70% of the cases of 4 ohristyh with blackish spots yayts (Kutyanina et al, 1997). The average number of chicks in vyvodke 3-4, although in some years due to grazing loss of eggs has increased (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Nutrition. Kormitsya avocet aquatic invertebrates, occasionally seedy rdestov and plant saline. A great role in their nutrition play C. finmarchicus Artemia salina (Syroechkovsky et al, 1995). Birds produce feed in shallow water, vodya beak from side to side and moving forward. There may collect fodder swimming (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Number. Over a 20-year cycle of observation, accompanied by tagging birds, mapping and describing the nesting settlements avocet Prieniseyskoy in southern Siberia, the number of Abakan-Minusinsk groups varied from 650 to 1000 animals. Number cyclical and dependent on the hydrological, and probably from the food-year terms. In the early 1990's settlement shiloklyuvok often suffer from grazing on the banks of reservoirs. In recent years, with an overall decline in livestock farm animals and education in key nesting ground ornithological reserves (oz. Ulug-Kohl, the tract "Trehozerki"), the situation has improved markedly, but a matter of serious concern the increasing recreational use of these reservoirs. In Krasnoyarsk avocet number does not exceed a few tens of individuals, other than those mentioned water it occasionally nest on the Right of Minusinsk depression (oz. Tagarskoe). In the province of special measures of protection provided, not excluding cases of shooting of birds during the hunting vodoplavayuschuyu and wading game (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Measures of protection. Extraction avocet introduced in the Red Book of the Russian Federation is prohibited. For the destruction of birds of all ages are charged a penalty (in protected areas of different ranks - at double or triple the amount, and for the destruction of nests - in the triple). Species included in the list of Russian-Indian convention on the protection of migratory birds (1984). It should accelerate the process of ornithological reserves in the province, to e at a constant meetings of rare species should be banned hunting. There is a need to conduct more outreach to hunters, to promote the importance of preserving biological and genetic diversity of Siberia (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
