Field signs. Grebe Small (300-400 g weight, length wing 118-145 mm). Krasnosheynuyu similar to the fungus, but the black-neck. Spring entire upper body black, sides red, white belly; for the eyes - bundles of thin, golden feathers. Beak dark gray, sooty feet, his eyes red. In winter, as well as the young birds, bundles of feathers on her head no; Top of the body, head and upper back neck dust-brown, lower body, sides, neck and neck in front of whites. Male and female painted the same way. Nadklyuve slightly concavo end podklyuvya from chernosheynoy toadstool like srezan upward, so the bill seems to string up. Silent and careful. Spring Creek - a loud whistling (like "wee-wee"), rolling to warble ( "pite-pite-pite"). There may issue a soft murmur: "Tr-r-r." Potrevozhennye from bird nests hiss (Kurochkin, 1982). Nest groups, kept usually gaggle. Migrate, like all toadstool night, so observing span almost none. Grebe suddenly appear on the nesting sites and invisibly disappear in autumn (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1995).  Distribution. Chernosheynaya grebe is torn area. Naselyaya steppes of Western Siberia, it comes east to the Altai, and then re-appear in the Amur river basin. It is believed that in the south central Siberia and in Pribaikalye it does not nest (Belyshev, 1960). In the Krasnoyarsk region and its surrounding areas have a number of unrelated one on the other finds of this type. Thus, G.E. Ioganzen (1923) for the interrogatories to lead Middle Chulym (within the edge or close to its borders) as the extreme eastern point WestSiberia population chernosheynoy toadstool. P.P. Sushkina (1914, 1938) writes about finding this kind of town Krasnoyarsk in May (once a few years of observations), he argues that this type of Eastern Siberia in general is extremely rare and distributed sporadichno and that it is in the south of Krasnoyarsk region, apparently has a small gap in the area. G.E. Ioganzen (1929) clearly shows torn area, in the eastern border WestSiberia population of 86 ° East SS Moskvitin et al (1977) indicate the location of chernosheynoy grebe in gnezdovoe time «only in the Ob station Keti» - near the borders of the province. In 1977, on the river. Yenisey from the lake. Thank Konoshele (66 ° 10 'N) June 12, was greeted steam poganok identified as chernosheynye. Perhaps it was coincidental most distant zalet (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). There is an indication SM Prokofiev (1984, 1987) that chernosheynaya Grebe unit, but each year nest on freshwater lakes wild Shirinskoy and Abakanskoy steppes. They noted it in the tract «Trehozerki» in 1994 as a rare nesting species (Baykalov et al, 1997). It also found chernosheynaya grebe and during migrations. In a small number, it breeds in the lake. Sarhat and tract «Sorokaozerki» (Prokofiev, 1984, 1987). In the last decade of the twentieth century chernosheynaya Grebe regularly observed in the southern region: in the river floodplain. Serguei, on lakes Greater Kosogole, White and Intikole (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). In the passage marked us in the mountains of the West Sayan in Gagulskoy and Seybinskoy basins at the White lakes (Tuva) (Baikal, Laptsenak, 1996).
Habitats. Chernosheynaya grebe - a resident of reservoirs steppe, forest and the Southern Forest Zone (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Jacks on a variety of increasingly plain lakes - small and large, freshwater and brackish-water, the slow-running rivers, the most popular beers and protokam. Poganok less linked to the thickets of surface vegetation. Migratory, and all toadstool night, so observing span almost none. Grebe suddenly appear on the nesting ground and disappear unnoticed in the autumn. To the edge of reproduction does not. Hatching chicks accounts at the end of May (Koshelev, 1982). Chernosheynye fungus - colonial birds, but in Siberia, they usually nest separate pairs, sometimes in small groups. There may settle in the colonies of gulls and terns. The nest is customary for all poganok - wet from the dead aquatic vegetation, often floating. Often it is located on splavine.   Masonry usually consists of 3-4 eggs. Svezhesnesennye matovo egg-white, but soon they are green and even brown-brown, almost black, as well as shells stain wet material jacks (Kurochkin, 1982). Nasizhivayut both birds. When approaching human bird hides eggs clustered material and sail in the direction, hiding in the bush. There puhovikov on the forehead is «plaque» of bare skin, helping them to maintain the desired temperature of the body, with overheating chicks «plaque» becomes red, cooling - pale. Vylupivshis and obsohnuv, chicks are taken back to parents sitting in the nest. Samostoyatelnymi chicks are approximately three-week old. The number of vyvodke in Khakassia - 1-3 (Prokofiev, 1987), in Western Siberia - 2,17 ± 0,08 (Koshelev, 1982). Nutrition. Core nutrition accounted for aquatic insects and their larvae, crustaceans, molluscs, less golovastiki, plants, fish fry. Young larvae feed mostly aquatic insects (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). The size and limiting factors. Ekspertno strength chernosheynoy grebe is 1-1,5 thousand individuals. At Lake. Intikol 26 June, 1996 once kept 15 birds, 19 May 1998 - 30, from 5 to 17 May, 1999 numbers varied within 27-38 birds. At Lake. Paniha Uzhurskogo area from 1994 to 1999. regularly observed from 10 to 35 of these birds. At Lake. White density, probably nesting birds 17-28 May 1987 was 0,1-0,3 species per km 2 in Kanskoy basin of the river. Usolke - 0,2-0,3. Talking about reducing the size of this fungus in the province could not, although the area suitable for the type of habitat land is steadily declining. It is also worth noting focal character of the settlements chernosheynoy fungus and its localization in certain waters (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
