 Field signs. Krupnee sparrow. Adult males back, tail and wings drill-red head, goiter and chest bright red, pink belly. Females and young greenish-gray, more light from below. Creek - soft "Chui and" or "who-you" song - loud whistling of the five fleytovyh sounds, you can submit a "chiu-vichiu" or "Vityu-saw" (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).
Distribution. Widespread bird bushes, fields, wet meadows and vysokotravnyh opushek. In Minusinsk Basin usual, many in suitable biotopes across the plains, most of all it seems, on forest plots. Many in Khakassia in the field poplar bands with thick understory, as well as bands from Accacia and apple Siberian (up to 80-100 individuals / km 2) (Rogacheva, 1988). In the West Sayan found almost everywhere except the mountain tundra and steppes, the largest number in the basin of the river. Big Ury was observed in the highlands, near the border forests and above, where lentils have been numerous in the subalpine zone (24-37 animals / km 2) (Sokolov et al, 1983; Petrov, Rudkovsky, 1985: Prokofiev, 1987). Everywhere up to the sparse, usually in the East Sayan (Rogacheva, 1988). Numerous in a humid forest biotopes. In podtayge numerous everywhere except dark taiga in the western region (14-28 animals / km 2) (Naumov, 1960). In the east, on the river. Floodplain, distributed widely, but usual, prefers to nest near the village (5 individuals / km 2) and birch (4), also appears in birch and pine forests chopping (1 specimen / km 2) (Ravkin et al, 1987). In the southern taiga in the Yenisey major habitat - zakustarennye floodplain meadows (12 animals / km 2); for nesting usually also clarified in the small-leaf forests, the wild slash areas and logging, in the townships (Bursky, Vakhrushev, 1983). In Keti generally rare, but the uppermost (der. Komarovka, 57 ° 40 'N). In the lower Priangare nesting numbers highest in pine forests, especially diluted cuttings (16-20 and up to 112 individuals / km 2), slightly lower than it was in svetlohvoyno-deciduous forests, to slash areas, felling, in shelkopryadnikah (12-32 individuals / km 2) (Vladyshevsky, 1975, 1980; Vladyshevsky, Shaparev, 1976). In the pool Chuny numerous to senokosnyh meadows and pine felling (36-41 individual / km 2), usually in the watershed pine forests, lesobolotnyh sets of woods consists of pineries on fresh felling (3-5 individuals / km 2) (Ravkin, 1984). In the middle taiga on the Yenisey in the southern subzone (Vorogovo, 61 ° N) at the usual nesting place, many, occupies residential and non-residential villages (20 animals / km 2), meadows high floodplain (8 individuals / km 2) floodplain willowy, Paul and Gary in young pine forests. The Peace (62 ° 15 'N) breeds in priruslovyh willowy and on the outskirts of floodplain grasslands (4 specimens / km 2), and occasionally to slash areas on the outskirts of the village. In the northern subzone, in Alinskom (63 ° 20 'N), lentils are numerous in the meadows near the village and the meadow-shrub floodplain (40 animals / km 2) (Rogacheva et al, 1978). At the left inside (the upper Eloguya) it a bit, but riverine bushes on the lawn meets regularly. In the middle taiga Evenkia usual everywhere, often for many riverine meadows and felling (Rogacheva, 1988). In the northern taiga on the Yenisey numerous in the scrub and felling. In 1977 he was very numerous in the 15-year felling in Angutihe (extreme northern taiga, 66 ° 10 'N): 182 birds / km 2; strength in the flood plain was 2-6 times less, but at 25 -- 30-year-old cutting a Baklanihi (64 ° 25 'N) - 7 times less (Rogacheva, Vakhrushev, 1983). In the northern taiga Central Evenkia (64 ° 30 'N), a rare type of listvennichnikov with understory, especially riverine, the unit found in plakornyh listvennichnikah and in the townships (Vakhrushev, Vahrusheva, 1987). In extreme northern taiga Evenkia unit met only in the vicinity of Lake. Essey (Rogacheva, 1988). In the forest on the Yenisey on numerous meadow sites in the flood plain and woodlands (at the end of June 1977 20-53 individuals / km 2 in the Ust-Hantayke, 68 ° 15 'north latitude and 41-68 individuals / km 2 in Nikolski , 69 ° N). In the north-western mountains Putorana and Hantayskogo Lake usual, but extended sporadichno, the most northern point marked nesting - the mouth of the river. Norilki, 69 ° 30 'N (Syroechkovsky, 1961; Krechmar, 1966). In the upper Turuhana ordinary bird southern forest-tundra (66 ° 45 'N) from the village. Soviet River (5.9 species / km 2) (Rogacheva et al, 1987). In the forest of East Taimyr not met (Rogacheva, 1988). Marked by nesting in the bush tundra subzone at the mouth of Yenisei was normal nesting mode (5 individuals / km 2) in the floodplain willowy from non-residential village. Low Heta (69 ° 40 'N) (Ravkin, Gleyh, 1981). Habitats. The most typical habitat - grasslands with shrubs, as well as a variety of skirts, the outskirts of the marshes with bushes and trees, wild slash-and-gari. Often settling for villages and the outskirts of a village in the garden, even in urban pustyryah with bushes, in gardens (Ryabitsev, 2001).   Phenology. Zimuet in South Asia. A May Krasnoyarskom a 18-26, the full stack - in the third decade of June, young output in July (Yudin, 1952). Fly from Krasnoyarsk comes with the end of August until mid-September. In Angutihu lentils priletayut 29-31 May, the first song - June 11, began to build nests in late June (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980).
Reproduction. Nest low over the land in the bush Preserves: Blackberry, currants, olhovnika and willow-trees, Spirit, or on trees at a height of 0,5-2 pm masonry - 3-6 bluish-green to brown eggs krapom (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). There are absolutely no egg stains and spots. The size of eggs 16-23 x 13-16 mm. Nasizhivaet only female, starting with otkladki last or the penultimate eggs, sometimes - before. Incubation 11-14 days. Female feeding the dog. In relation to human females behave differently. Some careful at the slightest noise fly away, can easily throw Mr. nezdo redirect concern. Other green, bay close, some face-handed, to look into the nest. Usually sletevshaya female and male with concern to overfly neighboring bushes. Do chicks thick dark gray fuzz, the mouth of carmine red to pink, klyuvnye rollers yellowish. Feeding the first male only, then both birds. Korm are zobe, it usually fly far and have long, but rarely. Because of this, on the edge of the nest is a lot of manure, which the parents are not able to claim. The young sit in the nest 13-14 days, potrevozhennye can jump out early (Ryabitsev, 2001). In conducting work in the valley of the river. Kacha (56 ° 14 'N 92 ° 25' E) in June-August 1999, we received the following parameters found nests (mm): | The diameter of the nest | 115 | 90 | 95 | 109 | 108 | | The diameter of the tray | 60 | 56 | 59 | 65 | 65 | | The height of the nest | 90 | 67 | 75 | 92 | 57 | | The height of the tray | 50 | 38 | 44 | 47 | 40 | | The height of the nest above the ground | 1090 | 870 | 900 | 1200 | 800 |
Nutrition. Feeds a variety of seeds of trees, shrubs, herbaceous plants, fruits of cherry, juniper, boyaryshnika, sometimes insects (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). References. |
