Field signs. Large Kulik (weight 252-330 g.) with a very long straight beak and long legs. Top mottled sandy-brown head and chest spring rusty-red, white belly with a dark side stripes. In flight, you should see a white tail with black tops white stripe on the wings and legs, far beyond the end of the tail. In winter, head down and gray. The voice loud, varied. In the current flight from the western subspecies of his transfer as a recurring Creek "vzotya-vzotya" alarming cry from the nest - "spindle ... ... spindle spindle. Current flight eastern subspecies described as follows: male flies pretty high circles and sharp shouts: "... the current current current ..." 30-40 times in succession, recalling a little snipe. Then, polusognuv wings, produces sharp, high svistovuyu trill "yuii-twist, twist-yuii, twist-yuyui" (also 20-30 times). When feeding in shallow water often lowers long beak and head on the shoulders into the water.  Distribution. Distribution in the Yenisei insufficiently studied and considered divided. On the south Prieniseyskoy Siberia to the west and east, penetrating two subspecies: the Western (L. l. limosa) and east (L. l. melamiroides). Western subspecies has been met in the left-bank part of Minusinsk depression (Sushkin, 1914). In the Krasnoyarsk Museum has a skin of old birds of eastern subspecies, extracted in the Yenisei province (Tugarinov, Buturlin, 1911). In the early twentieth century. Veretennikov large nesting in the Krasnoyarsk region has not been. kormyaschiesya Two poultry in late July 1968 were met in the middle district. Keti have to. Makovsky (Moskvitin et al, 1977). In recent decades, much Veretennikov regularly noted in the summer months in the waters Achinskoy and Kanskoy forest. At the cheese meadow at lake. Big Kosogol 29 June, 1990, it was noted 6 pairs of large Veretennikov. Ptentsov because of the thick grass is not found, but the adult birds showed clearly gnezdovoe concern and held at one site. In spring Veretennikov seen in the area Noshinskogo pond, where 4 birds were 17 and 20 May 1991 in the same year on May 15 at Starichnaya small lakes on the outskirts of the city Kanska (floodplain river. Kang) recorded 4 pairs. Males actively tokovali. In the area of swamps Potonshe (Pool Lower Angara), on the shores of Lake. Ulyukol and Tara 17 May, 1992 received 4 pairs of large Veretennikov. The birds were of the open marsh sites in abundance and temporary ponds mochazhin of wet meadows. SM Prokofiev felt great Veretennikov rare nesting mode Minusinsk depression. In different years from 1978 to 1989. he found these birds in wetlands and lakes Sarat Black (Shirinskaya steppe) (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000).
In the second half of summer, big Veretennikov found on the waters south of Krasnoyarsk and Khakassia, they are much less likely to occur in Tuva, which is obviously due to their departure in a westerly direction (Emelyanov, Savchenko, Sokolov, 1996). Although the nests and vyvodkov not found, the nature of the meetings of birds and their behavior suggests the possibility sporadichnogo nesting species. Perhaps in the pool Yenisei no significant gap areal, as anticipated earlier (Gladkov, 1951; Kozlova, 1962; Stepanian, 1990). Habitats. Veretennikov Large breeds mostly in raw meadows, grassy lowlands flood plains of rivers and lakes. During the passage often kept on the shores of lakes, but in the spring meets and backlogs meadow with a few temporary water (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Reproduction. Gnezditsya usually small colonies. Jack on a log or dry pleshine among sedgy. In laying 4 olive-green eggs with blurred burovatymi spots (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Nutrition. Pischu produce on the ground or soft cheese on the ground, often in shallow water, submerged head and neck. At kormitsya C. finmarchicus waters, shellfish, water insects and their larvae. Gladly eat rdestov bulblets and seeds of various aquatic plants (Dolgushin, 1962). In the Steppes found a variety of insects - beetles, locust and others (Syroechkovsky, Rogacheva, 1980). The number of large Veretennikov low in the province. Although as a major Kulik, sticking open habitats, it is visible and easily detected. There in the waters Achinskoy (Lake Big and Little Kosogol, Salbat, White, floodplain river. Serezh) and Kanskoy forest (lowland rivers of Qana, Usolki, Noshinsky pond). In the floodplain district. Serguei density and reached the highest in some 11 birds at 10 km route, the waters Kanskoy even in typical forest biotopes, it does not exceed 2 birds at 10 km. In the Krasnoyarsk forest is characterized by single, occasional, rare meeting of the Kulik. In Khakassia proliferation of large Veretennikov also extremely uneven: in the tract "Trehozerki" density in some years (27 July 1991) in excess of 30 individuals in the 10 km route, while at the lake. Gorky, it was less than 1 specimens at 10 kilometers (5). When crossfeed sandpipers in southern Siberia Prieniseyskoy (1980-1999 biennium.) Was Captured in Krasnoyarsk - 4, in Khakassia - 1, and Tuva - 1 large Veretennikov. Habitats large Veretennikov (grassy lowlands, meadows) intensively used by livestock grazing, so the human pressure is significant. Special hunting Veretennikov in the province do not, but as a major Kulik, found on the banks of reservoirs, he becomes the object of random shots (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). Measures of protection. In the province should be protecting the species. The hunt for him should be banned everywhere. It is necessary to conduct a survey to identify the remaining territories breeding grounds for species, to provide a zone of peace and a network of seasonal (for nesting) mikrozakaznikov. It is very important to the maximum limit cattle grazing in a large nesting Veretennikov (Syroechkovsky et al, 2000). References. |
