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Family [Gagarovye] Of gaviidae |
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[Beloklyuvaya] loon Gavia of adamsii Of gray G.R., 1859 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. Largest of the loons. The length of wing is 365-405 mm, mass to 5-6 kg. head and neck large, thick, black with the purple nuance. The beak is massive, is yellowish-white, slightly pulled up. It in flight seems more massive and long-winged, than other loons. On the throat and the neck the small transverse sections of black and white longitudinal shading. The top of body in the marriage detail is black with the large white spots, bottom pearly-white with the black longitudinal strips on the sides of breast. In winter the top dark-brown, spin lucid mind. It rises comparatively easily from the water. It flies highly, in flight it is not capable of the sharp turns. It prefers to dive with the danger. It under water rows only by paws, wings are tightly forced against body. Most careful and most taciturn of the loons. Voice is in spring on the water similar to the voice of other loons, but it is rougher and louder (is in calm weather audible to 2 kilometers), sometimes resembles the neigh, sometimes this common for loons moans and howls. In flight publishes the special cry, which resembles the laughter, similar to [kharara] of [kharara] ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980; 1995).
Places of inhabiting. It nests in the plains and hilly tundra and the forest-tundra transition area, compulsorily hereabout from the reservoirs, rich in fish. From the lakes it prefers averages and large (to 2-3 km into the length) with the transparent water, the sandy and stony shores ([Krechmar], 1966). [Beloklyuvye] loons settle also in the small tundra pools, which earlier are freed from ice and are located not far from the larger, richer in fish reservoirs ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1995).
Nourishment. Barely it is studied. It feeds in essence by fish, diving and pursuing output under water. Usually it feeds in the lakes; if nest is located close to coast, then it can feed at sea. Besides fish, it can eat up mollusks and crustaceans. Sometimes in the stomachs of loons finds gravel ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1995). Number. Are thus far known only 3 regions, where the [beloklyuvye] loons are relatively usual: West Taimyr ([Krechmar], 1966), tundra and the forest-tundra transition area of Yakutiya to the east of Lena and Chukot (flint, 1982). As a whole [beloklyuvaya] loon - rare bird, which one should thoroughly guard. Only data on the number of form in the edge - communication [V].[V]. Of [leonovicha], that in spring on the flight on r. Of [agapa] the number of [beloklyuvykh] loons was 4 times less than transient [chernozobykh] ([Krechmar], 1966). This gives possibility to assume that somewhere in the internal regions of Taimyr [beloklyuvaya] loon by places it is frequent; however, to consider as its usual form cannot and here, since this bird on entire area is encountered sporadically ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1995). |
Propagation. For this form characteristically sporadic propagation, as a result of which its area is not unified whole, but as if chain of the individual sections, populated by these birds. In its other, it would seem, suitable for nesting places no. In the edge it is encountered in the jack time, from the middle of June to the end of August - the beginning of September. To the wintering it flies to the West along the Arctic coast of Russia to Norway coasts. It nests in Taimyr - from the sea coasts on the entire tundra. In West Taimyr it goes in the forest-tundra transition area, to the south, up to the edge of taiga zone ([Krechmar], 1966). In spite of the significant ornithological mastery of Taimyr, achieved mainly because of the work of Noril'sk zoologists, places of reliable nesting of [beloklyuvoy] loon it is noted little. [V].[A]. Of [zyryanov] and [V].[V]. Of [larin] (1983), the carried out long-term investigations in the region of Noril'sk lakes, Lake. [Ayan] and adjacent parts of the mountains [Putorana], this loon on the nesting place did not find. In the pond Of [pyasiny], near the mouth r. Of [tarei] in 10 years of observations only by in summer 1966 g. in the pond r. upper of Taimyr (the center section of Taimyr [poluostrva]) in 1979-1980 yr. [beloklyuvaya] loon it was noted encountered only one time: 2 small flocks of 3 and 10 birds on the spring flight on June 9, 1980. in the lower reaches of the river r. [Luktakh] (Pavlov and other, 1983). Finally in the pond r. Of [bikada] in East Taimyr ([Matyushenkov], 1983) at the long-standing works (1975-1981 yr.) this form also was not found on the nesting place. In 1977, 1978 and 1981 yr. the lone persons and the small small flocks of the loons, that flew from the West to the east and the northeast, were encountered on June 8 to 13. In August on r. Of [bikada] from time to time were encountered single birds ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1995). Nesting noted in the center of the basic tundra territory of Taimyr preserve, [I].[N]. Pospelov (personal. [soobshch].) observed pair with the nestling in August 1994. In June 1996. at mountain Lake. Levinson- Lessing 5 days constantly was held pair, clearly being going to nest on the pebble scythe on the northern shore, but this did not succeed for it, apparently, because of the uneasiness from the side of people (at this time there it worked international expedition of 30 man). Is assumed also nesting in the section [Lukunskiy] (unconfirmed information about the taking out), also, in the southeastern part of the delta Lake. Taimyr (region of the mouth r. Of [bikady]). Furthermore, on the autumnal migrations it is usual on Taimyr lake (in 2000. to the 3rd birds on km of aqueous route) and in the mouths of the falling rivers ([I].[N]. Pospelov, is personal. [soobshch].).
Multiplication. Loons arrive flying in the places of nesting place in the middle of June. Are arranged the nests, when is established the water level in the reservoirs after spring flood. Nests - lined moss and sedge of area - are arranged in 30-40 cm from the water, in the place, protected from the waves, under the cover of the bushes of dwarfish birch and willows. Laying from the end of June, when lakes still stand under ice. In laying two, sometimes one egg. Eggs are similar to the eggs [Back] |
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