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Family [Vranovye] Of corvidae |
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Crows Corvus of corax Of linnaeus, 1758 Name of view of other languages
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Field signs. Large careful bird is considerably more than crow (weight of 1,1-1,3 kgf), black with the metallic luster. Tail of wedge shape. Voice - loud Crooke- Crooke , in young - [kaa] of [kaa] ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Propagation. It is extended over entire average Siberia, from its southern boundaries to the north almost to the coasts of Kara Sea. It is everywhere rare. Almost everywhere settled bird. Only from tundra and forest-tundra transition area of the crows at the end of September - the beginning of October it migrates into the northern taiga, where it winters. Are known the cases of wintering and year-round inhabiting of ravens in the environments of Norilsk ([Skrobov], 1966). In winter crows frequently [prikochevyvayut] to the cities and together with the crows and by magpies they feed on the dumps or near the slaughters ([Rogacheva], 1988). In [Sayanakh] of crows it is encountered everywhere, going also in loaches. In the Minusinsk basin and to the north to Krasnoyarsk it nests almost exclusively in the cliffs (usually on the river valleys), which limits its jack propagation. In the steppe regions Of [khakasii] it is in summer very rare. In The [usinskaya] basin it is relatively usual. In the strip of [podtaygi] and in the southern taiga Of [priangarya] it is very rare: according to the data Of [yu]. [S]. [Ravkin] (1984), on the average in the summer in by pine- flue landscape - 0,1 [osobi]/[km]2, in the dark-coniferous- the taiga - 0,004 [osobi]/[km]2. In the Yenisey southern taiga (59-60° N) also it is everywhere very rare: less than 0,1 [osobi]/[km]2; it is encountered in essence on the banks of rivers and the outskirts of the open swamps (Boer, [Vakhrushev], 1983). In the central-taiga Yenisey in the peaceful of crow are rare, but they nest and are encountered constantly - usually two pairs hereabout from the settlement. In summer 1986 g. of crows as rare (0,3-0,6 [osobi]/[km]2) being nested bird it was encountered at all three deep points of Central Siberian preserve, on which conducted the works: in the upper reaches r. of lower [Lebedyanki], on pine [ryame] on the transitional swamp, in the pond r. Of [birobchany], also on pine [ryame], and in Lake. Pine. It is rare, but everywhere it is encountered crows, also, in the northern taiga - both Yenisey and deep (also about 0,1 [osobi]/[km]2). In the extreme northern taiga Of [evenkii] and Taimyr, where there are cliffs, crows are encountered somewhat more frequently (0,1-0,2 [osobi]/[km]2). Crows are most noticeable in winter, when they approach cities and settlements, where they feed on the dumps and the slop-containers, are concentrated near the deer herds, they follow the outputs of hunters ([Rogacheva], 1988). Crow there is no clarity with the northern part of the Central Siberian area. [P].[P]. Of [sushkin] (1914) indicates it in the Yenisey to the north to 72° N, i.e. to the latitude of typical tundras (apparently, on the migrations). [A].[V]. Of [krechmar] (1966) mentions about the taking out of the ravens, [prikochevavshikh] in autumn to the place of the slaughter of reindeer - somewhat north of the mouth r. Of [dudypty], i.e. in the very south of the subzone of typical tundras. In the larch sparse growths in the lower reaches of the river [Kotuya] (72° N) of crow appear not each year; in 1932 ; for example, them they saw in summer not to time, but in 1933. the first meeting is noted on April 30, and birds they saw for the summer many times (Scalon, 1938). In the natural boundary the ares -[Mas] (72° 30 ' N, the subzone of bushy tundras) of crow appear from 2nd half of August - apparently, also at the migrations ([Chupin], 1987). Thus, the proofs of nesting ravens in the zone of tundras there is no average Siberia as yet. Apparently, it is possible to take for granted their nesting in the limits of the taiga zone (including the subzone of extreme northern taiga, especially on the Central Siberian plateau, where the crow they nest in the cliffs) ([Rogacheva], 1988). Phenology. Almost everywhere in the edge - winterring, settled bird. Only from tundra and forest-tundra transition area of the crows at the end of September - the beginning of October it migrates into the northern taiga, where it winters. During the autumnal migrations the crows can move, also, to the north - for example, after the herds of deer ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). [A].[V]. Of [krechmar] (1966) mentions about the encounters of ravens in December in The [khantayskoe] lake in [zagryzennykh] by the wolves of domestic deer. Are known the cases of wintering and year-round inhabiting of ravens in the environments of Norilsk ([Skrobov], 1966). Multiplication. , where are mountains or the outputs of solid rocks in the taiga, crows arrange nests on the inaccessible cliffs, the breaks, where there are not, on the high trees, usually in the bifurcations of main stem. Jack sections are extensive and it is very constant, but nest, as a rule, each time new (Yudin, 1952). Nest is built from the thick twigs, in the bedding the fur is usual. There are no data on phenology of nesting almost. [A].[V]. Of [krechmar] (1966) in southwestern Taimyr observed marriage games on May 1, 7 May - pair in nest at the beginning of hatching; young of crows in tracking of parents - on August 5 to 18; they were held by the taking out of crow prior to the beginning of October, then they began to live one by one. Krasnoyarsk has pairing in March, complete layings at the beginning of April, the nestlings of weekly age - on May 2, nestlings on the takeoff - on May 30 (Yudin, 1952). Laying - 3-7 bluish-green eggs with the brown spots ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). Nourishment. Omnivorous bird. Carrion occupies main place in the nourishment. In this respect crows it is important as medical orderly. It feeds also by small rodents, birds, their eggs and nestlings, fish, different invertebrates. In winter crows frequently [prikochevyvayut] to the cities and together with the magpies and by crows they feed on the dumps, near the slaughters ([Syroechkovskiy], [Rogacheva], 1980). |
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